Mofeed Digest: January – September 2021

The following digest summarizes the most important scholarly and policy publications, reports, and articles covering the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the politics, economies, and societies of the Arab world. Mofeed Digest is produced by Mofeed Project Coordinator Serage Amatory.

[MENA | Algeria | Bahrain |Comoros| DjiboutiEgyptIraqJordanLebanonLibyaMauritania| MoroccoOmanQatarSaudi ArabiaSomaliaSudanSyriaTunisiaYemen]


MENA

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Socioeconomic Impact of COVID-19 in MENA region and the Role of Islamic Finance
International Journal of Islamic Economics and Finance, 2021
This paper analyses the socio-economic impact of the novel Corona virus (COVID-19) on ‘Middle East and North Africa’ (MENA) region as well as the role and opportunities of Islamic finance post COVID-19.

COVID-19 in the Middle East and North Africa Region: an Urgent Call for Reliable, Disaggregated and Openly Shared Data
BMJ Global Health, Date Unspecified
This commentary reports on publicly available and disaggregated data that are critical to identify health needs and interpret the impact of the region’s competing crises of protracted wars, forced displacement and economic decline on already fragile health systems and poor resource availability.

COVID-19 & Conflict in the Middle East
Middle East Institute, January 2021
This paper reports on risks and challenges of COVID-19 in the Middle East.

Assessing The Socio-Economic Impact of COVID-19 on Migrants and Displaced Populations in the Mena Region
IOM, 15 February 2021
This report assesses the socio-economic impact of the COVID-19 on migrants and displaced persons in the Middle East and North Africa (MENA) region.

Health, Economic and Social Lifestyle: a Rapid Assessment of COVID-19: Evidence from MENA countries
PSU Research Review, 16 April 2021
This paper examines the colossal impact of the coronavirus (COVID-19) pandemic on health, economic and social sectors in MENA nations.

Stock Market Liquidity, the Great Lockdown and the COVID-19 Global Pandemic Nexus in MENA Countries
Review of Behavioral Finance, 20 March 2021
The purpose of this paper is to investigate the impact of the global coronavirus (COVID-19) pandemic on stock market liquidity.

One Year of COVID-19 in the Middle East and North Africa: The Fate of the ‘Best Performers’
Brookings, 22 March 2021
This commentary reports on the MENA region’s response to COVID-19, the vaccine race, and the upgrading of the public health sector.

Impact of COVID-19 on Mental Health and Quality of life: Is there any Effect? A Cross-Sectional Study of the MENA Region
Plos One, 25 March 2021
This study examines the impact of the COVID-19 outbreak on the mental health and quality of life among people of the MENA region.

Influence of COVID-19 on Lifestyle Behaviors in the Middle East and North Africa Region: a Survey of 5896 Individuals
Journal of Translational Medicine, 30 March 2021
This survey examines self-reported information on lifestyle behaviors, including physical activity, eating habits, smoking, watching television, social media use and sleep before and during the pandemic. A logistic regression analyzes the impact of COVID-19 on lifestyle behaviors.

MENA: COVID-19 Amplified Inequalities and was Used to Further Ramp up Repression
Amnesty International, 7 April 2021
The report highlights how the response to the global pandemic has been undermined by leaders in MENA and across the world who have ruthlessly exploited the crisis to continue their attacks on human rights.

Digital Transformation and COVID-19 in MENA: Turning Challenge into Opportunity
Wilson Center, 10 May 2021
This article reports on the pandemic’s economic setbacks and opportunities in digital transformation in the MENA region.

Peoples’ Attitude Toward COVID-19 Vaccine, Acceptance, and Social Trust Among African and Middle East Countries
Health Promotion Perspectives, 19 May 2021
This study individuals’ intent to be vaccinated against COVID-19 among ordinary people and identifies attitudes towards vaccines and barriers for vaccine acceptance. 

The Socio-Economic Consequences of COVID-19 in the Middle East and North Africa
Bruegel, 14 June 2021
This article reports on the socio-economic impact of COVID-19 in the Middle East and North Africa.

Competition, Capital Growth and Risk-Taking in Emerging Markets: Policy Implications for Banking Sector Stability During COVID-19 Pandemic
Journal Plos One, 24 June 2021
This paper investigates how banking competition and capital level impact on the risk-taking behavior of banking institutions in the Middle East and North Africa (MENA) region.  Researchers use data from more than 225 banks in 18 countries in the MENA region to test whether increased competition causes banks to hold higher capital ratios.

Dynamic diversification benefits of Sukuk and conventional bonds for the financial performance of MENA region companies: empirical evidence from COVID-19 pandemic period
Emerald Insight, 3 September 2021
This study investigates the spillover between the Middle East and North Africa (MENA) stock index and several security indices, including Sukuk and conventional bonds. It also compares the hedge effectiveness of Sukuk and conventional bond.

Who’s More Vulnerable? A Generational Investigation of COVID-19 Perceptions’ Effect on Organisational Citizenship Behaviours in the MENA Region: Job Insecurity, Burnout and Job Satisfaction as Mediators
BMC Public Health, 27 October 2021
This paper examines a path model linking COVID-19 perceptions to organizational citizenship behavior (OCBs) via three mediators: job insecurity, burnout, and job satisfaction. The research examines the path model invariance spanning Generations X, Y, and Z. Three countries in the Middle East and North Africa (MENA) are the focus of the study.

Impact of the COVID-19 Pandemic on Blood Supply and Demand in the WHO African Region
Vox Sanguinis, 2 February 2021
This study assesses the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on blood supply and demand in the WHO African Region and proposes measures to address the challenges faced by countries.


Algeria

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COVID-19 Pandemic: Rapid Survey on Social and Mobility Impact in Algerian Cities
Journal of Public Health, 7 January 2021
This paper examines the social and mobility impact of lockdown on the Algerian population using a cross-sectional survey launched after 3 days of the start of lockdown to quickly assess the impacts during the period of March 23 to April 12, 2020.

Age-Structured Modeling of COVID-19 Epidemic in the USA, UAE and Algeria
Alexandria Engineering Journal, February 2021
This paper forecasts the progress of the disease in three countries from different continents: The United States of America, the United Arab Emirates and Algeria. The existing data shows that the fatality of the disease is high in elderly people and people with comorbidities.

Estimation of epidemiological indicators of COVID-19 in Algeria with an SIRD model
Eurasian Journal of Medicine and Oncology, 25 February 2021
This paper examines COVID-19’s epidemiological characteristics. Researchers used an SIR (Suspected-Infected-Recovered-Deceased) model to estimate the coefficients of infection, recovery and death, the reproduction number, the specific time of contact, the rate of recovery to the rate of death and the basic reproduction number and the peak of the COVID-19 epidemic in Algeria.

Predicting Active, Death and Recovery Rates of COVID-19 in Algeria Using Facebook’ Prophet Model
Preprints, 1 March 2021
This study seeks to predict active, death and cured rate of COVID 19 in Algeria for a future period of 35 days using FB prophet model.

Algeria Economic Monitor, Spring 2021
World Bank Group, 31 March 2021
This Algeria Economic Monitor provides an update on key recent economic developments and policies. It places them in a longer-term and global context and assesses the implications these developments and changes in policies have on the outlook for Algeria.

Algeria’s Response to COVID-19: an Ongoing Journey
The Lancet, May 2021
This paper reports on Algeria’s response to COVID-19.

Review of a Controversial Treatment Method in the Fight Against COVID-19 with the Example of Algeria
Bulletin of the National Research Centre, 20 May 2021
This review synthesizes the different highlights of the most important studies published since the beginning of the epidemic crisis. After a precise study of the available bibliography dealing with this subject and the addition of an adapted example, which is the current situation of Algeria, the results showed the effectiveness of the Algerian method as well as the impact that this treatment had.

A Brief Review of Clinical Features of Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) in Algeria
European Journal of Environment and Public Health, 28 May 2021
This paper examines the most common clinical and biological
characteristics and potential risk factors of COVID-19 in Algeria. The study was conducted using data of four published studies about clinical, biological characteristics and risk factors for severity and mortality of COVID-19 realized in three hospitals (Beni Messous, Bologhine and Rouiba) in the department of Algiers (Algeria).

Breaking the Impasse on Algeria’s Political and Economic Crises
Brookings Institute, 10 June 2021
This commentary reports on the economic and political crises in Algeria.

Modeling and Reviewing Analysis of the COVID-19 Epidemic in Algeria with Diagnostic Shadow
MedRxiv, 13 June 2021
This paper presents a special epidemic dynamic model to describe the transmission of COVID-19 in Algeria.

Stability Analysis and Simulation of the Novel Coronavirus Mathematical Model via the Caputo Fractional-Order Derivative: A Case Study of Algeria
Results in Physics, July 2021
This paper presents a new nonlinear fractional order model in the Caputo sense to analyze and simulate the dynamics of this viral disease with a case study of Algeria.

Bayesian Modeling of COVID-19 to Classify the Infection and Death Rates in a Specific Duration: The Case of Algerian Provinces
Environmental Research and Public Health, 4 August 2020
This proposed Bayesian model estimates and compares the risks between Algeria’s provinces. This statistical inference can provide a reasonable basis for describing future pandemics in other parts of the world.

Algeria: Amid Concerns about the Pandemic and its Economic Impact, Some Optimism for the Future
Middle East Institute, 29 September 2021
This article reports on the economic impact of the COVID-19 pandemic in Algeria as well as an outlook on the future.


Bahrain

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The Effect of Covid-19 On Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) Practices Reflections from the Kingdom of Bahrain
Journal of Legal, Ethical and Regulatory Issues, Date Unspecified 2021
This paper examines the effect of the ongoing global pandemic, COVID-19, on the CSR practices of Bahraini firms. 

Going green during COVID-19: Examining the links between green HRM, green supply chain and firm performance in food Industry of Bahrain: The moderating role of lockdown due to COVID
Growing Science, Date Unspecified 2021
This study examines the role of green Human Resources Management (HRM) in the green supply chain (SC) and firm performance.

Engineering Projects and Crisis Management: : A Descriptive Study on the Impact of COVID-19 on Engineering Projects in Bahrain
2020 Second International Sustainability and Resilience Conference: Technology and Innovation in Building Designs, January 2021
This study examines the actual impact of COVID19 on engineering and construction projects in Bahrain. The offers a general overview of the impact of crises on projects, and describes the protocols and procedures that have been employed in Bahrain within the engineering and construction sector. 

Quarantining Arriving Travelers in the Era of COVID-19: Balancing the Risk and Benefits a Learning Experience from Bahrain
Tropical Diseases, Travel Medicine and Vaccines, 12 January 2021
This commentary reports on COVID-19 being a major obstacle for any traveler and how the quarantine period could lead to significant improvement in people’s quality of life and a country’s economy.

Bahraini Authorities Flouting Prisoners’ Rights to Health amid Rise in COVID-19 Cases at Jaw Prison
Amnesty International, 12 April 2021
This press release reports on a major COVID-19 outbreak at Jaw prison in recent weeks as a stark illustration of Bahraini authorities’ failure to respect minimum rules for the treatment of prisoners and to ensure prisoners’ rights to health.

The Impact of Covid-19 on the Environment in Bahrain
UNDP, May 2021
This paper examines the effect of the Covid-19
pandemic on the environment in the Kingdom of Bahrain. The study uses qualitative data garnered from interviews with 14 experts on the Bahraini environment working in government, the academic sector, the private sector, and the nonprofit sector. 

The Impact of the Precautionary Measures Taken in the Kingdom of Bahrain to Contain the Outbreak of COVID-19
Arab journal of Basic and Applied Sciences, 19 May 2021
This study investigates the effect of precautionary and preventive measures in limiting the spread of coronavirus in Bahrain.

Long-Term Statistical Assessment of Meteorological Indicators and COVID-19 Outbreak in Hot and Arid climate, Bahrain
Environmental Science and Pollution Research, 4 August 2021
This study assesses the association between the meteorological indicators such as air temperature (°C), relative humidity (%), wind speed (w/s), solar radiation, and PM2.5 with the incidence of COVID-19 in the hot, arid climate of Bahrain.

The Impact of COVID-19 Pandemic on Mental Health of Health Care Workers of Bahrain Defence Force Royal Medical Services
Bahrain Medical Bulletin, 15 September 2021
The objective of this study is to perform an evidence-based evaluations of the mental health of HCW in Bahrain Defence Force Royal Medical Services (BDFRMS) Hospital with regard to the COVID-19 pandemic.

Estimation of COVID-19 Generated Medical Waste in the Kingdom of Bahrain
Science of The Total Environment, 20 December 2021
This paper reports on the COVID-19 medical waste in Bahrain and basic research to address these challenges. 


Comoros

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COVID-19 Impact on SADC Labour Markets: Evidence from High-Frequency Data and Other Sources
African Development Review, 5 May 2021
This paper assesses the impact of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic on the labor markets and economies of 16 SADC member states using a qualitative risk assessment on the basis of high-frequency Google Mobility data, monthly commodity price data, annual national accounts, and households survey labor market data.

Comoros: Freedom in the World 2021 Country Report
Freedom House, 18 May 2021
This report assesses political rights and civil liberties in Comoros.


Djibouti

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Monitoring the Socio-Economic Impacts of COVID-19 on Djiboutian and Refugee Households in Djibouti – Results from R3
Joint Data Center on Forced Displacement, 2 February 2021
This report presents high-frequency phone survey that monitors the economic and social impact of and responses to the COVID-19 pandemic on refugees and nationals.

Fighting COVID-19 in the West Africa After Experiencing the Ebola Epidemic
Health Promotion Perspectives, 7 February 2021
This paper evaluates six African countries including Mali, Mauritania, Niger, Guinea, Togo, and Djibouti to find why this disease is least expanded in African countries. The study examines various dimensions of the exposure of healthcare workers to the disease, including epidemiology, clinical aspects of the disease, case definitions, diagnosis laboratory confirmation, and referral of cases by the portal of entry, case management, and disease prevention in six countries examined.

East & Horn of Africa COVID-19 Situation Report – #42
IOM, 10 February 2021
This report examines the COVID-19 situations in East and Horn of Africa, including mobility restrictions, prevention methods and country responses.

Publication: Monitoring the Socio-Economic Impacts of COVID-19 on Djiboutian and Refugee Households in Djibouti: Results from the Third Wave of Survey
World Bank Group, 27 May 2021
This paper presents data collected on the socio-economic impact of COVID-19 on refugee households in Djibouti.

COVID-19 Strategic Response and Recovery Plan 2021 for East & Horn of Africa
IOM, 20 April 2021
This report highlights IOM’s strategic objectives and COVID-19 responses in countries in the Horn of Africa and broadly East Africa.


Egypt

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Egypt: A Primary Health Care Case Study in the Context of the COVID-19 Pandemic
Journal of Medical Internet Research, Date Unspecified
This case study examines primary health care (PHC) systems in Egypt in the context of the COVID-19 pandemic response between March 2020 and
December 2021. Documentation review, stakeholder consultations and focus group discussions were conducted to analyze the response across three
PHC components (primary care, multisectoral collaboration and community engagement), as codified in the Astana Declaration.

How Did Egypt Soften the Impact of COVID-19?
Harvard University, Date Unspecified
This paper highlights these policy measures as well as how firms perceived their ease of access to finance before and after Covid-19 in 2020.

Impact of COVID-19 on Egypt’s Dairy and Artichoke Value-Chains: Qualitative Findings from Rapid Value Chain Assessments
International Food Policy Research Institute, 2021
This paper reports on the impact of COVID-19 on the agriculture sector in Egypt.

The impact of COVID 19 on Air Pollution Levels and Other Environmental Indicators – A Case Study of Egypt
Journal of Environmental Management, 1 January 2021
Using Egypt as a case study, this paper presents findings on the impact of COVID-19 pandemic on air pollution levels by examining nitrogen dioxide (NO2), ozone (O3), particulate matter represented in absorbing aerosol index (AAI), carbon monoxide (CO), and greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions. 

The Impact of Implementing the Egypt Pandemic Preparedness Plan for Acute Respiratory Infections in Combating the Early Stage of the COVID-19 Pandemic, February-July 2020: Viewpoint
JMIR Public Health, 26 January 2021
This article assesses Egypt’s acute respiratory infection (ARI) epidemic preparedness and containment plan and illustrates the impact of implementation of the plan on combating the early stage of the COVID-19 epidemic in Egypt.

Policy and Institutional Responses to COVID-19 in the Middle East and North Africa: Egypt
Brookings Institute, 28 January 2021
This article examines COVID-19 responses in Egypt.

COVID-19 on the Nile: Review on the Management and Outcomes of the COVID-19 Pandemic in the Arab Republic of Egypt from February to August 2020
International Journal Environmental Research and Public Health, 8 February 2021
This review uses publicly available data to provide an epidemiological summary of the COVID-19 pandemic behavior during the first wave of the outbreak in Egypt. The article covers mathematical modeling predictions, Egypt’s healthcare system, economic and social impacts of COVID-19, as well as national responses that were crucial to the initial containment of the pandemic. 

Psychiatric Morbidity and Dietary Habits During COVID-19 Pandemic: a Cross-Sectional Study Among Egyptian Youth (14–24 years)
Middle East Current Psychiatry, 1 February 2021
This study examines the real-time state of Egyptian youth’s psychiatric morbidity, dietary changes, and coping methods during this pandemic and explores probable factors influencing them. A descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted using an online survey among 447 Egyptian participants aged 14–24 years.

The Impact of COVID-19 Pandemic on Egyptian Women Psychological Empowerment and Work-Life Balance
Journal of Business Administration Research, 2 February 2021
This study examines the impact of the COVID-19 Pandemic on Egyptian Women Psychological Empowerment and Work-Life Balance. The study surveyed 107 Egyptian working women in different sectors and located in the Greater Cairo region.

Comparison of Knowledge, Attitude, Socioeconomic Burden, and Mental Health Disorders of COVID-19 Pandemic Between General Population and Health Care Workers in Egypt
The Egyptian Journal of Neurology, Psychiatry and Neurosurgery, 15 February 2021
This paper evaluates the knowledge, attitudes, socioeconomic burden, and the mental health problems regarding anxiety, depression, and obsessive-compulsive disorder during COVID-19 on the general population and healthcare workers in Egypt.

The Impact of COVID-19 on Poor Households in Egypt: Preliminary Results from the Pilot
Gender, Growth and Labour Market in Low Income Countries Programme, March 2021
This paper reports on the impact of COVID-19 on poor households in Egypt, and it offers policy recommendations.

Egypt: Provide Equitable Covid-19 Vaccine Access
Human Rights Watch, 9 March 2021
This article proposes measures the Egyptian government should take to provide equitable access to Covid-19 vaccines for everyone in Egypt.

Egypt: The Pandemic Experience in a Time of Reform
Middle East Institute, 30 March 2021
This article examines Egypt’s economic and social policy reforms and socio-economic implications of COVID-19.

2020 Country Reports on Human Rights Practices: Egypt
U.S. Department of State, 30 March 2021
This paper highlights Egypt’s human rights practices during COVID-19.

The Impact of COVID-19 Pandemic on Business Activities and Lifestyle: Evidence from Egypt
Annals of the Romanian Society for Cell Biology, 1 April 2021
The study investigates the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on business activities and lifestyle in Egypt. The study used daily and monthly averages data from 15 February 2020 to 19 January 2021.

Sustainable Development Importance in Higher Education for Occupational Health and Safety Using Egypt Vision 2030 under COVID-19 Pandemic
Journal of Geoscience and Environment Protection, 20 April 2021
The study employs case risk analysis, investigations, and review for design concepts of occupational health and safety before and after the Coronavirus disease (COVID-19). 

Impact of COVID-19 Pandemic and Related Isolation Measures on Violence against Children in Egypt
Journal of the Egyptian Public Health Association, 20 April 2021
This study investigates the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on violence against children in Egypt.

Oral Manifestations of COVID-19 Patients: An Online Survey of the Egyptian Population
Clinical and Experimental Dental Research, 1 May 2021
This pilot survey examines the oral manifestations associated with COVID-19 infection and reports the prevalence of oral signs and symptoms in COVID-19 patients.

Integrated multidisciplinary post-COVID-19 care in Egypt
The Lancet Global Health, 18 May 2021
This article assesses COVID-19’s long-term complications in Egypt and management plans. 

Softening the Impact of COVID-19: What Has Worked for Egypt?
The American University in Cairo, 31 May 2021
This paper examines the policies that the country implemented at the onset of the COVID-19 crisis to mitigate its economic effects.

The Impact of Comorbidities on the Outcomes of Egyptian COVID-19 Patients: A Follow-Up Study
Journal of Environment and Public Health, 19 June 2021
This study evaluates the clinical manifestation of COVID-19 and adverse outcomes in patients with comorbidities (outcome: death). A comparative follow-up investigation involving 148 confirmed cases of COVID-19 was performed for a month (between April and May 2020) at Qaha Hospital to describe the clinical characteristics and outcomes resulting from comorbidities.

Egypt: Haphazard and Flawed Covid-19 Vaccine Rollout Fails to Prioritize Most at-Risk
Amnesty International, 29 June 2021
Theis paper reports on Egyptian authorities’ haphazard handling of the country’s Covid-19 vaccine rollout and failure to outline a clear national strategy, resulting in marginalized people not being prioritized for vaccination and continuing to face barriers, which undermines their right to health.

Egypt: Overcoming the COVID Shock and Maintaining Growth
IMF news, 14 July 2021
This article assesses the Egyptian government’s response to the pandemic, the IMF’s role in supporting Egypt, and the challenges and priorities for the future.

Psychological Impacts of COVID-19 Pandemic on the University Students in Egypt
Health Promotion International, August 2021
This paper investigates the psychological impacts that affected the university students in Egypt during the COVID-19 pandemic.

Egypt’s COVID-19 Recent Happenings and Perspectives: A Mini-Review
Front. Public Health, 16 August 2021
This mini-review evaluates efforts and actions of the Egyptian government to slow down and control the spread of COVID-19. It also reviews the COVID-19 statistics in Egypt and the possible reasons behind the low prevalence and high case fatality rate (CFR%), comparing Egypt COVID-19 statistics with China, the USA, Brazil, India, Italy, and France.

Psychological Impacts of the COVID-19 Pandemic on the Public in Egypt
Community Mental Health Journal, 16 August 2021
This study evaluates the prevalence of depression, anxiety, stress, and inadequate sleep among the public in Egypt during the novel Corona Virus Disease (COVID-19) pandemic.

Egypt’s National Social Protection Response to Vulnerable Groups during COVID-19
Open Journal of Social Sciences, September 2021
The present article examines the Egyptian authorities’ measures implemented to mitigate the pandemic’s negative impact on the vulnerable groups—women, children, and informal workers. It concludes with policy recommendations.

The Socio-Economic Impact of COVID-19 on the Petroleum Sector in Egypt: a Descriptive Analysis
Emerald Insight, 10 September 2021
This study explores the impact of COVID-19 on the petroleum sector in Egypt. It paper examines the main economic and social effects of the pandemic on the Egypt oil industry through an analysis of the macroeconomic data reflected in the Egyptian balance of payments, the country’s general budget and the oil industry’s performance data. 


Iraq

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COVID-19 Context – Iraq – Overview of the Humanitarian Situation and the Impact of COVID-19
REACH, 11 January 2021
This factsheet provides an evidence base for the humanitarian response to the COVID-19 crisis in Iraq. It presents secondary data as well as MCNA VIII findings across various sectors that have been impacted by COVID-19 or by the measures that the government has implemented to contain the spread of the virus.

Iraq Socio-Economic Response Plan
United Nations, 31 January 2021
This paper reports on strategic channels through which, at country level, the Iraqi Government can be supported in its responses to the immediate, short, medium and long terms needs arising from the pandemic.

The Impact of COVID-19 Related Lockdown on the Prevalence of Spousal Violence Against Women in Kurdistan Region of Iraq
Sage Journals, 26 February 2021
This study assesses the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on gender-based violence, comparing the prevalence of spousal violence against women before and during the COVID-19 related lockdown periods. 

An Optimal Control Model of the Spread of the COVID-19 Pandemic in Iraq: Deterministic and Chance-Constrained Model
 Journal of Intelligent & Fuzzy Systems, 2 March 2021
This paper investigates the possible effects of the COVID-19 pandemic spreading in Iraq with a focus on certain factors, including isolation and weather. A mathematical model of cases representing in-patients, recovery, and mortality was used in formulating the control variable in this study to describe the spread of COVID-19 through changing weather conditions between 17th March and 15th May 2020.

Challenges Faced by the Iraqi Health Sector in Responding to COVID-19
Physicians for Human Rights, 6 April 2021
This issue brief reports on COVID-19’s consequences on the Iraqi Health Sector.

COVID-19 Lockdown, Earnings Manipulation and Stock Market Sensitivity: An Empirical Study in Iraq
Journal of Asian Finance, Economics and Business, 15 April 2021
This article examines the potential impact of the Covid-19 lockdown on earnings manipulation and stock market sensitivity to earnings announcements. It also explores the effects of earnings manipulation after the COVID-19 outbreak on the share price sensitivity to the earnings disclosures. 

On the Investigation of COVID-19 Lockdown Influence on Air Pollution Concentration: Regional Investigation Over Eighteen Provinces in Iraq
Environmental Science and Pollution Research, 6 May 2021
This study examines the impact of the six partial, total, and post-lockdown periods on the average of daily NO2, O3, PM2.5, and PM10 concentrations, as well as air quality index (AQI) in 18 Iraqi provinces during these periods (from March 1st to August 31st, 2020).

The Impact of COVID-19 on Small and Medium-Sized Enterprises in Iraq
Social Science Research Network Working Paper, 10 May 2021
This paper examines the impact of COVID-19 on small and medium-sized enterprises in Iraq. This research analyzes data using a linear probability model to estimate the impact of a pandemic on entrepreneurs, using an electronic data collection approach, and PLS modelling for the variables driving a multivariate probity model coping strategy.

Impact of COVID-19 on Iraq’s Vulnerable Populations
UNDP, 6 June 2021
The study examines the impact of the COVID-19 crisis on socio-economic status and livelihoods at the household level, with a focus on its impact on vulnerable groups such as women, youth, children, persons with disabilities, and displaced communities. It compares urban and rural settings and considers impacts in both Federal Iraq and the Kurdistan Region of Iraq.

Statistical Modeling of the Novel COVID-19 Epidemic in Iraq
DeGruyter, 22 July 2021
This study employs three of the most important nonlinear growth models (Gompertz, Richards, and Weibull) to examine the daily cumulative number of COVID-19 cases in Iraq during the period from 13th of March 2020 to 22nd of July 2020.

An “illiterate generation”—One of Iraq’s Untold Pandemic Stories
Atlantic Council, 26 July 2021
This article reports on the impact of COVID-19 on Iraq’s educational system. 

Public fear of COVID-19 Vaccines in Iraqi Kurdistan region: a Cross-Sectional Study
Middle East Current Psychiatry, 27 July 2021
This study examines the variables possibly underlying the hesitancy toward COVID-19 vaccines in the Iraqi Kurdistan region.

Evaluation of the Pharmacologic Treatment of COVID-19 Pandemic in Iraq
Current Pharmacology Reports, 5 August 2021
This paper examines the epidemiology, treatment and outcome of the COVID-19 disease in a localized community within Iraq.

Mathematical Modeling for COVID-19 Pandemic in Iraq
Journal of Interdisciplinary Mathematics, 25 August 2021
This paper uses the SIR pandemic model to evaluate the susceptible (R), infectious (I), and removed (R) for COVID-19 in Iraq for the period from the 22nd of February 2020 to the 26th of June 2020.

The Impact of COVID-19 on Iraqi Community: a descriptive study based on data reported from the Ministry of Health in Iraq
The Journal of Infection in Developing Countries, September 2021
This study assesses the COVID-19 situation in Iraq based on the numbers of confirmed cases, deaths and recovered cases, from 21 February to 30 April 2020.

Modeling, Control, and Prediction of the Spread of COVID-19 Using Compartmental, Logistic, and Gauss Models: A Case Study in Iraq and Egypt
Processes, 2 November 2020
This paper investigates the spread of the COVID-19 in Iraq and Egypt by using compartmental, logistic regression, and Gaussian models. It develops a generalized SEIR model for the spread of COVID-19, considering mildly and symptomatically infected individuals.


Jordan

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Assessment of the Relationship between COVID-19 Risk Perception and Vaccine Acceptance: A Cross-Sectional Study in Jordan
Human Vaccines & Immunotherapeutics, 18 January 2021
This study investigates the factors impacting the rates of COVID-19 vaccine acceptance in Jordan, and examines the relationship between COVID-19 risk perception and vaccine acceptance among the Jordanian population.

A Cross-Sectional Study of the Impact of COVID-19 on Domestic Violence, Menstruation, Genital Tract Health, and Contraception Use among Women in Jordan
American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene, February 2021
This study assesses the COVID-19 pandemic impact on domestic violence, genital tract health, menstruation, and contraceptives use among 200 women in Jordan. It uses a self-validated survey questionnaire. 

The Impact of COVID-19 on Surgical Practice in Jordan during the Second Outbreak: A Survey
Annals of Medicine and Surgery, February 2021
This paper reports on the impact of COVID-19 on surgical practices in Jordan.

Workers at Risk: Labour Rights in Jordan During COVID-19
Business & Human Rights Resource Centre, 23 February 2021
This article reports on the impact of COVID-19 on workers in Jordan, many of whom find themselves in vulnerable circumstances due to their migrant status, labor exploitation and unscrupulous conduct by employers.

A Study on the Impact of COVID19 on Health, Violence against Women and Economy in Jordan from a Gender Perspective
UN Women, 16 March 2021
This study examines, from a gender perspective, the effects of COVID-19 on health, social and economic aspects in Jordan during the period from March 2020 until the middle of the year.


The Effect of Lockdown on Coronavirus (COVID-19) Outbreak Prevention in Jordan: A Data-Driven Analysis
Studies in Systems, Decision and Control, 3 April 2021
This paper examines the stages of Jordan’s handling of the COVID-19 and how managing its consequences was impacted by governmental and medical efforts and cooperation among organizations and authorities in the country. 

Gender-Based Disparities on Health Indices During COVID-19 Crisis: A Nationwide Cross-Sectional Study in Jordan
International Journal for Equity in Health, 6 April 2021
This paper assesses gender-based disparities during COVID-19 in Jordan in terms of health indices, mental well-being and economic burden.

Psychological Impact of COVID-19 Pandemic Among the General Population in Jordan
Frontiers Psychology, 14 April 2021
This paper assesses the psychological impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on Jordanians and evaluates the contributions of the socio-demographic variables to this impact. 

Acceptance and Attitudes Toward COVID-19 Vaccines: A Cross-Sectional Study from Jordan
Journal Plos One, 23 April 2021
This study investigates the acceptability of COVID-19 vaccines and its predictors among public in Jordan. An online, cross-sectional, and self-administered questionnaire was instrumentalized to survey adult participants from Jordan on the acceptability of COVID-19 vaccines.

COVID-19 – Impact on Most Vulnerable Households in Jordan
UN, 10 May 2021
The report COVID-19 – Impact on Most Vulnerable Households in Jordan, a joint undertaking of UNDP Jordan and Tkiyet Um Ali, is part of a series of rapid impact assessments that shed light on the significant impact the pandemic has had on households across Jordan.

The Impact of COVID-19 Pandemic on Small and Medium Enterprises in Jordan
Journal of Accounting, Finance and Management Strategy, June 2021
This paper examines the impact of COVID-19 pandemic on small- and medium-enterprises (SMEs) in Jordan during the first wave and the current second wave of infections.

An Assessment of the Impact of Coronavirus Disease (COVID-19) Pandemic on National Antimicrobial Consumption in Jordan
Antibiotics, 9 June 2021
This study examines the changes and patterns of national antimicrobial use for one year preceding and one year during the COVID-19 pandemic.

Impact of COVID-19 on Enterprises in Jordan: One Year into the Pandemic
ILO, 14 July 2021
This policy brief presents the key findings of a study based on data collected from a phone survey of more than 2,000 Jordanian enterprises in February and March 2021, complemented by individual interviews and focus group discussions with representatives from various industrial sectors, including business organizations, trade unions, enterprise owners, and workers. 

Long-Term Psychological Effects of COVID-19 Pandemic on Children in Jordan
International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 22 July 2021
This study investigates the psychological impacts of COVID-19 on Jordanian children ages 5–11 years old.

Knowledge, Attitudes, and Impact of COVID-19 Pandemic Among Neurology Patients in Jordan: A Cross-Sectional Study
The Egyptian Journal of Neurology, Psychiatry and Neurosurgery, 29 July 2021
This paper assesses the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on health services offered to patients with non-communicable diseases, including chronic neurological illnesses. It uses a self-reported questionnaire to investigate these impacts on neurology patients in Jordan and assesses their knowledge and attitudes towards the pandemic.

The Effects of COVID-19 on Small and Medium-Sized Enterprises: Empirical Evidence from Jordan
Journal of Enterprising Communities: People and Places in the Global Economy, 17 September 2021
This paper examines the effects of the COVID-19 crisis on small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs), highlighting the initial conclusions regarding their crisis management. It presents factual data on how SMEs in Jordan can use entrepreneurship to combat uncertainty and promote new opportunities.


Kuwait

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Sociodemographic Variables and Illness Attitudes Toward COVID-19 in Kuwait
Canadian Journal of Behavioural Science, Date Unspecified
This study investigates whether there are significant differences in illness attitudes (worry about illness, concern about pain, hypochondriacal beliefs, thanatophobia, and treatment experience) toward COVID-19 among Kuwaiti participants. 

GCC News Roundup: Gulf states roll out COVID-19 vaccination campaigns, Saudi Arabia faces financial woes (December 1-31)
Brookings Institute, 6 January 2021
This article reports on the Gulf states’ plans to battle COVID-19 and implement vaccination campaigns.

Threats, Victims or Allies? Migrant Communities in Kuwait’s COVID19 Response
Middle East Institute, 12 January 2021
This article reports on the negative impact of COVID-19 on migrant communities in Kuwait.

Seroprevalence of SARS-CoV-2 in migrant workers in Kuwait
Journal of Travel Medicine, March 2021
This paper reports on spread of COVID-19 among migrant workers in Kuwait.

Quantifying Long-Term Impacts of COVID-19 and Oil price Shocks in a Gulf Oil Economy
The Oxford Institute for Energy Studies, June 2021
This paper investigates questions regarding the long-term impacts of oil price declines and COVID-19-associated shocks on Gulf economies. It uses Kuwait as a case study, drawing out policy lessons applicable to the larger Gulf Cooperation Council bloc.

Building a Sensible SIR Estimation Model for COVID-19 Outspread in Kuwait
Alexandria Engineering Journal, 3 June 2021
This study examines the efficacy of the preventive measures taken by Kuwait’s local authorities to control the spread of COVID-19.

Effects of COVID-19 Lockdown on Physical Activity and Dietary Behaviors in Kuwait: A Cross-Sectional Study
Nutrients, 30 June 2021
This study examines the impact of the pandemic on physical activity and dietary behavior among adults living in Kuwait. A cross-sectional survey was conducted between 18 June and 15 July 2020, using a questionnaire disseminated through social media, including WhatsApp and Facebook.

PM2.5 and PM10 during COVID-19 Lockdown in Kuwait: Mixed Effect of Dust and Meteorological Covariates
Europe PMC, 16 July 2021
This study investigates the impact of COVID-19 lockdown on particulate matter concentrations, specifically PM2.5 and PM10, in Kuwait. Researchers studied the variations in PM2.5 and PM10 between the lockdown in 2020 with the corresponding periods of the years 2017–2019, and also investigated the differences in PM variations between the ‘curfew’ and ‘non curfew’ hours. 

The Psychological and Social Impacts of Curfew during the COVID-19 Outbreak in Kuwait: A Cross-Sectional Study
Sustainability, 29 July 2021
This study evaluates the impact of the COVID-19 curfew during the pandemic on Kuwaiti citizens and residents. A cross-sectional survey was used to collect data from Kuwaiti residents over the age of 21 through an online questionnaire shared via social media, including WhatsApp and Facebook.

The Impact of Coronavirus COVID-19 Pandemic on Food Purchasing, Eating Behavior, and Perception of Food Safety in Kuwait
Sustainability, 11 August 2021
This study investigates the impact of COVID-19 on food purchasing behavior, eating behavior, and the perception of food safety and security among residents in Kuwait. A cross-sectional study was carried out using self-administered questionnaires between 28 July 2020 and 31 August 2020 during the COVID-19 pandemic in Kuwait.

Disparities in Excess Deaths from the COVID-19 Pandemic among Migrant Workers in Kuwait
BMC Public Health, 14 September 2021
This paper estimates excess deaths in the pandemic year of 2020 among the Kuwaiti and non-Kuwaiti migrant populations by analyzing publicly available retrospective data in Kuwait on total annual mortality historically (from 2005 to 2019) and in 2020.

The Survival of Small States in the Gulf region: COVID-19, Pandemic Politics and the Future of Niche Diplomacy
International Politics, 30 September 2021
This paper examines the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on small states like Kuwait and Qatar and the ways in which they attempt to project power and sovereignty through their diplomatic responses. 

COVID-19 Vaccine Hesitancy among the Public in Kuwait: A Cross-Sectional Survey
International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 22 August 2021
This study examines the prevalence of COVID-19 vaccine hesitancy among the public in Kuwait to understand their attitudes towards vaccines in general, and to identify predictors of COVID-19 vaccine hesitancy.


Lebanon

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P048 The Emerging Impact of the COVID-19 Outbreak on Sexual Health in Lebanon
Sexually Transmitted Infections, Date Unspecified 2021
This study examines COVID-19’s impact on sexual health services in a Beirut clinic. It conducted a review of electronically based STIs screenings and diagnoses for the period February-December 2020.

COVID-19 Quarantine Stressors and Management Among Lebanese Students: a Qualitative Study
Current Psychology, 3 January 2021
This research paper examines the emotional reactions of university students and their coping mechanisms during and after the COVID-19 quarantine.

World Report 2021: Lebanon
Human Rights Watch, 13 January 2021
This paper highlights the human rights situation in Lebanon during COVID-19.

It’s All in the Details: A call for Administering the COVID-19 vaccine in Lebanon through a Transparent and Un-Politicized Collaborative Approach
The Lancet, February 2021
This commentary reports on the process of administering the COVID-19 vaccine in Lebanon.

COVID-19 Pandemic and Mental Health in Lebanon: A Cross-Sectional Study
International Journal of Psychiatry in Clinical Psychiatry, 15 February 2021
This paper evaluates depression, stress, anxiety and obsessive-compulsive behaviors in the Lebanese population in response to COVID-19 pandemic. This cross-sectional study was conducted between March and April 2020 on 386 participants randomly recruited from the Lebanese general population.

Impact of COVID-19 Pandemic on the Utilization of Routine Immunization Services in Lebanon
Plos One, 17 February 2021
This study assesses the changes in the utilization of routine immunization (RI) services in both the public and private sectors following the onset of the COVID-19 pandemic. A self-administered cross-sectional survey was completed electronically, in April 2020, by 345 private pediatricians who are registered in professional associations of physicians in Lebanon and provide immunization services at their clinics.

An unequal present and future in a COVID-19 world: The pandemic’s impact on refugee women in Lebanon
Middle East Institute, 4 March 2021
This article reports on the COVID-19 pandemic’s consequences for refugee women in Lebanon.

Vulnerability of Syrian refugees in Lebanon to COVID-19: Quantitative Insights
Conflict and Health, 5 March 2021
This paper uses quantitative insights of transmission dynamics to outline risk and contextual factors that may modulate vulnerability of Syrian refugees in Lebanon to potentially large COVID-19 outbreaks.

How do Hotels in Developing Countries Manage the Impact of COVID-19? The Case of Lebanese Hotels
International Journal of Contemporary Hospitality Management, 15 March 2021
This paper presents a guide the hospitality industry’s recovery and revival after the pandemic. 

COVID-19, the Economic Crisis, and the Beirut Blast: what 2020 Meant to the Lebanese Health-Care System
World Health Organization, 23 March 2021
This paper reports on the impact of COVID-19 in the healthcare system in Lebanon.

Impact of COVID-19 Pandemic on Medical Waste Management in Lebanon
The Journal for a Sustainable Circular Economy, 2 April 2021
This study examines the impact of COVID-19 on the existing challenges of waste management in Lebanon. It highlights the need for proper management and disposal of medical waste in order to reduce contamination risks or related environmental threats, particularly during the pandemic. 

Navigating Collapse in Lebanon’s Covid-19 Response
Center for Strategic and International Studies, 13 April 2021
This article reports on the confluence of crises in Lebanon and the role of the vaccine in raising hopes and concerns.

Understanding the Impact of COVID-19 on Caregiving Behaviors and Vaccine Perceptions
UNICEF, 6 May 2021
This study uses the behavioral drivers model to examine why individuals fail to abide by social distancing and mask wearing recommendations, despite the widespread information about their benefits.  It also examines the impact of COVID-19 on children’s lives, including children with disabilities, and attitudes toward COVID-19 vaccines.

Social Assistance Response to the COVID-19 Economic Shock in Lebanon: The National Social Solidarity Program
ILO, 15 May 2021
This report focuses on the operations of the program, and is intended to help implementers share the lessons of the National Social Solidarity Program (NSSP) experience with wider social protection stakeholders and strengthen the program for the remainder of its payments in Lebanon.

The Impact of the Beirut blast on the COVID-19 Situation in Lebanon
Journal of Public Health, 22 May 2021
This study examines the effect of the Beirut blast on the COVID-19 situation in the country.

Modeling the Impact of COVID-19 Vaccination in Lebanon: A Call to Speed-Up Vaccine Roll Out
Vaccines, 25 June 2021
Using mathematical modeling, this paper assesses the short-term impact of various vaccine roll-out scenarios on the SARS-CoV-2 epidemic course in Lebanon.

Assessing the Socioeconomic Impact of COVID-19 on Persons of Concern in Lebanon
UNHCR, 30 June 2021
Based on high-frequency phone surveys conducted by UNHCR, these thematic notes analyze how COVID-19 has impacted “persons of concern” (PoC) populations in Lebanon.

Assessing the Psychological Impact of COVID-19 Outbreak and its Related Factors on Lebanese Individuals with Physical Disabilities
Disability and Health Journal, July 2021
The study assesses the psychological impact of the COVID-19 outbreak on Lebanese individuals with physical disabilities and examines associated factors.

Depressive and Anxious Symptomatology in a Lebanese Sample During the COVID-19 Outbreak
International Journal of Health Promotion and Education, 8 July 2021
This study examines the correlates of depressive and anxious symptomatology in a Lebanese sample during the COVID-19 outbreak. A convenience sample of 191 respondents participated in a cross-sectional survey and completed measures of fear of COVID-19, rumination about COVID-19, job insecurity, political trust, depression, and generalized anxiety.

The Impact of COVID-19 on Poverty in Lebanon
The Borgen Project, 11 July 2021
This article reports on the impact of COVID-19 on the economic crisis and poverty in Lebanon, and the road to recovery.

COVID-19 Pandemic: An Insult Over Injury for Lebanon
Journal of Community Health, 13 July 2021
This paper examines the effect of COVID-19 on an already crisis-stricken country. It presents a descriptive analysis of the burden of COVID-19 pandemic on Lebanon.

Inverse Association Between the Mediterranean Diet and COVID-19 Risk in Lebanon: A Case-Control Study
Frontiers in Nutrition, 30 July 2021
This observational case control study examines the possible associations between the different dietary patterns present among a sample of the Lebanese population and the COVID-19 occurrence and outcomes. An online survey collected information about the sociodemographic characteristics, health status, lifestyle, and dietary habits through the Mediterranean diet questionnaire and a semi-quantitative frequency questionnaire, and the COVID-19 infection and its symptoms.

The Impact of COVID-19 Lockdown Measures on ED Visits in Lebanon
The American Journal of Emergency Medicine, August 2021
This study examines the impact of the different national containment measures and the early COVID-19 outbreak in Lebanon on ED visit volume and disease spectrum in a single ED center in Lebanon.

Food Insecurity Pre- and Post the COVID-19 Pandemic and Economic Crisis in Lebanon: Prevalence and Projections
Nutrients, 27 August 2021
This study evaluates the trends and projections of food insecurity in Lebanon due to overlapping health and economic crises.

The Multidimensional Burden of COVID-19 on Syrian refugees in Lebanon
Journal of Global Health, 31 August 2021
This study assesses the burden of COVID-19 by examining the current living conditions, available services provided, and by identifying the economic and health challenges to Syrian refugee families living in Lebanon. 

Response to COVID-19 in Lebanon: Update, Challenges and Lessons Learned
Epidemiology and Infection, 28 December 2022
Thus study examines the epidemiologic evolution of COVID-19
in Lebanon pre- and post-vaccination, the challenges affecting the response and recovery, and the lessons learned.


Libya

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Amid armed conflict: perceptions and the psychological impact of Covid-19 in Western Libya
London School of Economics and Political Science, Date Unspecified 2021
This research examines how coping strategies, namely, perceived coping self-efficacy and perceived social support, moderate the effects of the two crises.

The Impact of COVID-19 on Refugees and Migrants on the Move in North and West Africa
Mixed Migration Center, February 2021
This report examines the impact of COVID-19 on capabilities of countries and on refugees’ lives.

Preliminary Survey to Understand the Epidemiology of COVID-19 and Its Socio-economic Impacts in Libya
Fortune Journal of Health Sciences, 2 February 2021
This paper examines the epidemiological patterns and assesses the potential socio-economic impact of COVID-19. Based on a preliminary survey, the study sought to understand the epidemiological situation of COVID-19 in the country, and to identify the socioeconomic impacts of the COVID-19 among the Libyan population.

Utilization of Telehealth Services in Libya in Response to the COVID-19 Pandemic: Cross-sectional Analysis
JMIR Med Inform, 26 February 2021
This study assesses the usability of telehealth services in Libya and provides an overview of the current COVID-19 situation.

COVID-19 Behavior Assessment in Libya: For the Design of the Risk Communication and Community Engagement Plan
Government of Libya, 4 March 2021
This behavior assessment underpins a broad assessment of the capabilities linked to the COVID-19 crisis in Libya to support the evidence-based response of UNICEF and other key stakeholders. The assessment assists in understanding popular misperceptions of COVID-19, the level of trust in the information on COVID-19, and the quality, use, and satisfaction of social and medical services.

New Libyan Government Faces Health Challenges
The Lancet, 3 April 2021
This report examines the challenges facing the Libyan government, such as COVID-19, migration and the yearslong conflict.

COVID-19 in a Shattered Health System: Case of Libya
Journal of Global Health, 3 April 2021
This paper examines the current situation of the pandemic in Libya and argues that there is a need for a more immediate public health response to COVID-19.

Citizens of Conflict Afflicted States do not Support Covid-19 Measures in the Same Way as Those of Stable States
The London School of Economics and Political Science, 12 April 2021
This article examines how experiences of Covid-19 are not uniform around the world and, in countries such as Libya where armed conflict exists, perceptions of the virus and the psychological impact of preventative measures diverge greatly from global averages.

United Nations Socio-Economic Framework for the Response to COVID-19 in Libya (UNSEF)
UNDP, 28 April 2021
The framework presented here is the result of a concerted and coordinated effort among all United Nations Agencies in Libya to respond to the socioeconomic impact of COVID-19, as recommended by the United Nations Development System. 

Epidemiology, Outcomes, and Utilization of Intensive Care Unit Resources for Critically Ill COVID-19 Patients in Libya: A Prospective Multi-Center Cohort Study
Journal Pone, 30 April 2021
This study examines the mortality and morbidity of COVID-19 patients in intensive care units (ICU) following 60 days after ICU admission, and explores the factors that influence in‐ICU mortality rate. 

Libya: COVID-19 Rapid Assessments: Summary Report
Binda Consulting International, 5 May 2021
This report summarizes the most common top-line findings from the 11 organizations interviewed to assess the impact of COVID-19 on women and girls.

COVID-19 Impact in Libya Dashboard (January – March 2021)
IOM, 13 May 2021
This dashboard presents a snapshot of COVID-19’s impact in Libya in January – March 2021.

COVID-19 in Libya: Fewer Cases So Far. Any Speculations?
Cambridge University Press, 29 May 2021
This paper examines the various potential reasons behind Libya having a small number of COVID-19 cases.

The Impact of Armed Conflict on the Epidemiological Situation of Coronavirus Disease (COVID-19) in Libya, Syria, and Yemen
Frontiers Public Health, 11 June 2021
This study examines the impacts and influence of armed conflicts on the epidemiology of the novel Coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2) within these war-torn countries. It outlines the needed strategies to combat the spread of the pandemic and its likely future consequences.

The Epidemiological and Spatiotemporal Characteristics of the 2019 Novel Coronavirus Disease (COVID-19) in Libya
Frontiers Public Health, 14 June 2021
This study examines the epidemiological parameters and spatiotemporal patterns of COVID-19 and outlines strategies for containing the spread and consequences of the pandemic.

Hunger and COVID-19 in Libya
IOM, July 2021
This report examines the impact of COVID-19 and related restrictions on the food security situation for migrants in Libya.

COVID-19 in a Shattered Health System: Case of Libya
Journal of Global Health, 8 July 2021
This report examines the impact of COVID-19 on the health system in Libya.

Exploiting Epidemiological Data to Understand the Epidemiology and Factors that Influence COVID-19 Pandemic in Libya
World Journal of Virology, 25 July 2021
This review examines the potential reasons for having only 75 confirmed cases of COVID-19 reported in Libya during the first two months following the first confirmed case, followed by hundreds of positive cases reported daily in the following months.

Labour Market Access for Migrants in Libya and the Impact of COVID-19
ILO, 15 August 2021
This study examines the close link between recruitment channels and working conditions. It specifically underlines the importance of regulating recruitment in line with international labor standards so that all workers, including migrant workers, are protected and fair recruitment principles are applied.

Psychosocial Impact of COVID-19 Pandemic in Libya: A Cross-Sectional Study
Frontiers Psychology, 17 August 2021
This study assesses the levels of perceived stress, depression, sleep disturbance, and self-efficacy associated with the pandemic in Libya and their association with the demographic factors.

Report: COVID-19 Increasing Risk to Migrant Rights in Libya
OHCHR, 6 September 2021
This report highlights the negative effects of COVID-19 on vulnerable populations such as migrant workers in Libya.


Mauritania 

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Management of COVID-19 Infection in Patients Undergoing Hemodialysis
PanAfrican Medical Journal, 6 January 2021
This study proposes recommendations for prevention and containment of COVID-19 in a hemodialysis center in a regional hospital in Mauritania.

Islamic Republic of Mauritania: Sixth Review Under the Extended Credit Facility Arrangement and Request for Waiver of Nonobservance of a Performance Criterion-Press Release; Staff Report; and Statement by the Executive Director for the Islamic Republic of Mauritania
IMF, 11 March 2021
This report examines COVID-19’s severe human, economic, and social impact on Mauritania.

MAURITANIA
UNHCR, 16 March 2021
This factsheet summarizes the COVID-19 situation in Mauritania.

Mauritania COVID-19 Situation Report #01
UNICEF, 31 March 2021
This report summarizes the COVID-19 situation in Mauritania, humanitarian needs and UNICEF programme response.

Mauritania Annual Country Report 2020 Country Strategic Plan 2019-2022 Saving Lives Changing Lives
World Food Programme, 2 May 2021
This report examines Mauritania’s COVID-19 response, strategic outcomes, and World Food Programme contributions.

Mauritania: Female-Headed Households Coping with the Burden of Covid-19
Carnegie Endowment, 20 September 2021
This article briefly examines the suffering endured by female breadwinners who work in the informal sector of the Mauritanian economy.


Morocco 

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Exploratory Study on the Impact of Covid-19 Outbreak on Organizational Resilience: Case of Moroccan Owner-Managers
Revue des Etudes et Recherches en Logistique et Développement, 2021
This article examines the mechanisms that underpin the resilience of businesses during COVID-19.

Tracking Economic Activity in Response to the COVID-19 Crisis Using Nighttime Lights: The Case of Morocco
Development Engineering, Date Unspecified 2021
This paper examines the potential for high frequency nighttime lights data to provide “near real-time” tracking of the economic impacts of the COVID-19 crisis in Morocco.

Impact of the COVID-19 Crisis on the Moroccan Stock Market
Journal of Accounting, Finance, Auditing, Management and Economics, 29 January 2021
This article examines the impact of the pandemic crisis on the Moroccan stock market. It demonstrates to what extent the pandemic containment measures have negatively impacted the performance of the stock market. 

COVID Empties Morocco’s ‘Blue Pearl’ Tourist Town
Al Jazeera, 6 January 2021
This article reports on an empty tourist town in Morocco due to COVID-19.

Towards Evaluating the COVID’19 Related Fake News Problem: Case of Morocco
IEEE, 14 January 2021
This paper examines the problem of fake news related to COVID’19 as a global pandemic with a significant impact on various sectors.  It provides an aggregation system to detect and analyze fake news related to the COVID’19 pandemic in the Moroccan context based on data sets scrapped from Facebook.

Covid-19 Impact on Moroccan Small and Medium-Sized Enterprises: Can Lean Practices Be an Effective Solution for Getting Out of Crisis?
Management Systems in Production Engineering, 1 February 2021
This paper examines the problems to small- and medium-sized enterprises in Morocco that existed before and continue through the pandemic. It seeks to identity the ideal approach that will strengthen the competitiveness of these companies.

Covid-19 in Morocco: Labor Market Impacts and Policy Responses
Center for International Development at Harvard University, 9 February 2021
This report examines the impact of the Covid-19 crisis on the Moroccan economy, focusing on labor markets.

The Impact of COVID-19 on Middle Eastern and North African Labor Markets
Economic Research Forum, 18 February 2021
This policy brief reports on COVID-19 and the policy response in Morocco and Tunisia.

One Year of COVID-19 in the Middle East and North Africa: The Fate of the ‘Best Performers’
Brookings Institution, 22 March 2021
This article recounts responses to COVID-19, vaccination pace and the impact on health sector in the Middle East and North Africa.

Disposal Behavior of Used Masks during the COVID-19 Pandemic in the Moroccan Community: Potential Environmental Impact
International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 20 April 2021
This paper assesses the Moroccan population’s behavior regarding the use and disposal of facemasks and gloves. An exploratory survey was prepared and shared via social media and email with the population of Rabat-Salé-Kénitra and Casablanca-Settat regions.

The Impact of COVID-19 on the Moroccan Supply Chain
International Journal of Accounting, Finance, Auditing, Management and Economics, 27 May 2021
This report examines the impact of the pandemic on the functioning of Moroccan companies. Based on a sample of 196 Moroccan companies, the results showed a severe contraction in activity due to the disruption of various links in the logistics chain following the general lockdown of the population and the closure of borders.

Morocco’s Agricultural System Response to the Dual Shock of the COVID-19 Crisis and Drought: Learnings and Recommendations for the New Normal
Food research, June 2021
This paper examines the responses of Morocco’s agricultural sector to the pandemic and to the low rainfall, focusing on the potential opportunities for improvement.

Consumer Purchasing Behaviour Towards Strategic Innovation Management Practices in Morocco During COVID-19 Health Crisis
FIIB Business Review, 9 June 2021
This study examines the impacts of strategic innovation management (SIM) practices implemented within a company (i.e., its innovative strategy and culture, product innovation, technological capability, and customer and supplier relationships) on the consumer purchasing behavior (CPB) in the context of the COVID-19 global crisis.

Toward an Effective Analysis of COVID-19 Moroccan Business Survey Data using Machine Learning Techniques
International Conference on Machine Learning and Computing 21 June 2021
This study examines the impact of the full lockdown on Moroccan enterprises based on the COVID-19 Moroccan business survey carried out by the High Commission for Planning (HCP). A three-stage analysis method was employed.

The Impact of COVID-19 on Poverty in Morocco
The Borgen Project, 25 June 2021
This article reports on the impact of COVID-19 on the economic crisis in Morocco.

The Impact Of COVID-19 on Consumer Shopping Behavior: During and After Lockdown in Morocco
70th International Scientific Conference on Economic and Social Development, 25-26 June 2021
This study examines the impact of Covid-19 on consumers’ buying behavior during and after lockdown.

Rapid Labour Force Survey on the Impact of COVID-19 in Morocco
ILO, 6 July 2021
This report examines the key findings of the second wave of rapid labor force surveys, conducted by ILO and ERF between January 18th and February 27th, 2021, to monitor the impact of COVID-19 on households, household enterprises and farmers in Morocco.

Moroccan Digital Health Response to the COVID-19 Crisis
Frontiers in Public Health, 13 August 2021
This paper examines Morocco’s digital strategies in response to the COVID-19 crisis.

Morocco’s National Response to the COVID-19 Pandemic: Public Health Challenges and Lessons Learned
JMIR Public Health Surveillance, September 2021
This report examines the epidemiological situation of COVID-19 in Morocco and reviews the actions carried out as part of the national response to the pandemic. 

Impact of Covid-19 on SME Portfolios in Morocco: Evaluation of Banking Risk Costs and the Effectiveness of State Support Measures
Investment Management and Financial Innovations, 9 September 2021
This study proposes a method for constructing rating tools using logistic regression and linear discriminant analysis to determine the risk profile of SME portfolios.

Exploring Household Food Dynamics During the COVID-19 Pandemic in Morocco
Frontiers Nutrition, 27 September 2021
This paper examines the impacts of the COVID-19 pandemic on food shopping habits and food-related activities of a diverse sample of 340 adult consumers in Morocco. The study is based on an online survey conducted in Morocco from September 15 to November 5, 2020, utilizing a standardized questionnaire delivered in French and Arabic via Survey Monkey.

Satisfaction with the Economy Does Not Preclude the Need for More Jobs and Anti-Corruption Efforts
Middle East Institute, 28 September 2021
This article reports on the impact of COVID-19 on the health crisis in Morocco.


Oman

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Demographic and socioeconomic determinants of COVID-19 across Oman – A geospatial modelling approach
Geospatial Health, Date Unspecified 2021
This study proposes that Poisson regression using GWR and GLM can address unobserved spatial non-stationary relationships. Findings from this study can promote our understanding of the demographic and socioeconomic variables impacting the spatial patterns of COVID-19 in Oman, allowing local and national authorities to adopt more appropriate strategies to cope with this pandemic in the future and also to allocate more effective prevention resources.

Responses to the Pandemic COVID-19 in Primary Health Care in Oman: Muscat Experience
Oman Medical Journal, Date Unspecified 2021
This paper examines responses from January to mid-April 2020 in primary health care (PHC), including public health measures in Muscat, Oman. 

An Innovative Communication Approach to Mitigate Suffering Among COVID-19 Patients and Their Families: An Experience From Oman
Frontiers Public Health, Date Unspecified 2021
This paper proposes communication strategies to establish natural and real time communication between COVID-19 patients and their families in Oman.

COVID-19 Impact on Online Purchasing Behaviour in Oman and the Future of Online Groceries
European Journal of Business and Management Research, Date Unspecified 2021
This paper examines the impact of COVID-19 on customers purchasing behavior and predicts the future of logistics movements in online groceries in Oman.

World Report 2021: Oman
Human Rights Watch, 13 January 2021
This report assesses the human rights situation in Oman during the COVID-19 pandemic.

One Year into His Reign, Oman’s Sultan Must Renegotiate the Social Contract and Prioritize Diversification
Brookings Institution, 13 January 2021
This commentary details Oman’s financial woes and oil problems as well as possible reforms.

Sociodemographic Determinants of COVID-19 Incidence Rates in Oman: Geospatial Modelling Using Multiscale Geographically Weighted Regression (MGWR)
Sustainable Cities and Society, February 2021
This research examines whether the relationships between COVID-19 incidence rates and the covariates named in this article vary spatially across Oman. Global Ordinary Least Squares (OLS), spatial lag and spatial error regression models (SLM, SEM), as well as two distinct local regression models (Geographically Weighted Regression (GWR) and multiscale geographically weighted regression MGWR), were applied to explore the spatially non-stationary relationships.

The Economic Impact of COVID-19 on the Omani Tourism Sector
Psychology and Education Journal, 10 February 2021
This study examines the economic effect of COVID-19 on Oman’s tourism sector. The study seeks to achieve three specific objectives, namely, to assess the economic effect of COVID-19 on the number of tourists visiting Oman, to analyze the variations in the volume of tourism into Oman since the COVID-19 became a global health threat, and to evaluate the effectiveness of the strategies that Oman is implementing to fortify the tourism sector against the economic effects of COVID-19.

Emergency Department Changes to Combat COVID-19 in Oman
Cambridge University Press, 16 February 2021
This report examines the changes made in the emergency department to combat the spread of COVID-19 in Oman. 

Effects of COVID-19 on Mortality: A 5-year Population-Based Study in Oman
International Journal of International Diseases, March 2021
This paper investigates the effects of COVID-19 on mortality in Oman. A cross-sectional retrospective analysis of mortality data from 1 January 2015 to 16 August 2020 was undertaken.

Identifying and Prioritizing Ways to Improve Oman’s Tourism Sector in the Corona Period
Sciendo, March 2021
This study seeks to identify the economic, social, and geopolitical impacts of the Corona pandemic on the country’s tourism industry. That includes identifying ways to enhance domestic tourism so as to increase income in the Oman’s tourism industry; identifying specific travel destinations and associated recovery plans; and suggesting recommendations as to the best approaches to improve the Omani tourism sector.

The Economic Impact of COVID-19 on Construction Industry: Oman’s Case
European Journal of Business & Management Research, 8 April 2021
In this article, the economic impacts of the COVID-19 pandemic on Oman’s construction industry are analyzed using an inductive reasoning approach.  Data are gathered from primary and secondary sources. Although the pandemic’s consequences are inescapable, the global health crisis simultaneously presents opportunities to improve the paradigms of responding to future crises.

E-commerce Market in Oman – Growth, Trends, COVID-19 Impact, and Forecasts (2021 – 2026)
Research and Markets, May 2021
This article reports on the key market trends in Oman under the conditions of COVID-19.

Responses to the Pandemic COVID-19 in Primary Health Care in Oman: Muscat Experience
Oman Medical Journal, 24 June 2021
This is a descriptive study showing the trends of the confirmed positive cases of COVID-19 and the undertaken responses to the evolving epidemiological situation.

The Impact of COVID-19 on the Financial Performance of Bank Dhofar
International Journal of Research in Entrepreneurship & Business Studies, 30 June 2021
The report examines how COVID-19 had affected the financial performance of Bank Dhofar, analyzes the financial performance indicators, evaluates how the bank reacted to the changes, and evaluates whether Bank Dhofar had been effective in mitigating pandemic’s toll on its performance.

Oman: Will the Protests and Covid-19 Lead to Structural Economic Reform?
Carnegie Endowment for International Peace, 7 July 2021
This article reports on the impact of COVID-19 on Oman’s economic situation.

The Impact of COVID-19 on Economic of Oman and Omani Customer’s Behaviour
International Journal of Scientific Research and Management, 10 July 2021
This research paper investigates the effect of the corona virus on the Omani economy and Omani consumers’ responses.

The Psychological Impact and Suicidal Behaviour in the Context of COVID-19 Pandemic, A Four Case Report from Oman
Research Square, 26 July 2021
This report presents four cases of suicidal attempts during the COVID 19 outbreak due to the lockdown and related economic difficulties.

Impact of COVID-19 on Power System Load: The Case from Oman
 2021 56th International Universities Power Engineering Conference (UPEC), 31 August – 03 September 2021
This study reviews the impact of COVID-19 on one of the power system loads in Oman.

Impact of Covid-19 HRM Challenges on HRM Practices for Routing the Post Pandemic: A Study with Special Reference to Oil & Gas Companies in Oman
Advances in Social Sciences Research Journal, 25 September 2021
This research examines the challenges to post-COVID-19 HRM practices. The practices include health and safety, work schedule, cooperation communication, training, and recruitment and selection. The study respondents study were drawn from different levels of management from oil and gas companies in Oman.


Qatar

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Analysis of Qatar’s Successful Public Health Policy in Dealing with the Covid-19 Pandemic
Infectious Diseases, Date Unspecified 2021
This analysis and review of the public health policies implemented by Qatar contributes to improvised outcomes in dealing with the COVID-19 pandemic. It examines the public health policies implemented in Qatar to curb the spread of Covid-19, taking into consideration the roles of various departments including the Ministry of Public Health, primary and secondary health care services.

Impact of COVID-19 Pandemic on Stroke Admissions in Qatar
BMJ Neurology Open, Date Unspecified 2021
This study examines the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on stroke admissions to a tertiary care center in Qatar.

The Impact of COVID-19 Pandemic on the Preventive Services in Qatar
Journal of Public Health Research, January 2021
This retrospective analysis examines the impact of COVID-19 on the preventive services provided in Qatar. It was conducted for all the preventive services utilization volume across the 27 PHCC health centers from the 1st of January 2017 to the 31st of July 2020.

COVID-19 Vaccine Hesitancy and Attitudes in Qatar: A National Cross-Sectional Survey of a Migrant-Majority Population
Influenza and other Respiratory Viruses, 29 January 2021
This study evaluates the degree of vaccine hesitancy in Qatar and its socio-demographic and attitudinal determinants across a representative sample. A national cross-sectional study using validated hesitancy measurement tool was carried out from October 15, 2020, to November 15, 2020. 

Psychological Impact of the COVID-19 Pandemic Within Institutional Quarantine and Isolation Centres and Its Sociodemographic Correlates in Qatar: a Cross-Sectional Study
BMJ Open, 31 January 2021
This study evaluates the psychological impact of institutional isolation and quarantine during the COVID-19 pandemic outbreak in Qatar. The study also examines the sociodemographic correlates of this psychological impact.

COVID-19 Vaccine Hesitancy and Attitudes in Qatar: A National Cross-Sectional Survey of a Migrant-Majority Population
Influenza, 19 February 2021
This study examines the degree of vaccine hesitancy and its socio-demographic and attitudinal determinants across a representative sample. A national cross-sectional study using validated hesitancy measurement tool was carried out from October 15, 2020, to November 15, 2020.

The Impact of Covid-19 Pandemic on the Preventive Services in Qatar
Journal of Public Health Research, January-December 2021
This retrospective analysis examines the impact of COVID-19 on the preventive services in Qatar.

Quantifying the Impact of COVID–19 Preventive Measures on Traffic in the State of Qatar
Transport Policy, March 2021
This paper assesses the impact of pandemic response measures on traffic mobility by quantifying the holistic impact of the incremental measures at different stages on traffic volumes and traffic safety.

Social Attitudes, Behavior, and Consequences surrounding COVID-19 in Qatar
Qatar University, March 2021
This report summarizes the results of a study that investigated social attitudes, behavior, and consequences surrounding COVID-19 in Qatar.

Effects of COVID-19 Lockdown on Physical Activity, Sedentary Behavior, and Satisfaction with Life in Qatar: A Preliminary Study
Environmental Research and Public Health, 17 March 2021
This study examines the effects of home confinement on physical activity (PA) and life satisfaction during the COVID-19 outbreak in Qatar.

Qatar Airways CEO On The Airline’s COVID-19 Strategy
Simple Flying, 29 March 2021
This article examines Qatar Airways’ COVID-19 strategy.

Q&A: How Qatar is Battling a New Wave of COVID Cases, Deaths
Al Jazeera, 26 April 2021
This article reports on a conversation with the chair of the COVID-19 strategic group in Qatar following a steep rise in cases and deaths.

The COVID-19-Related Lockdown in Qatar: Associations Among Demographics, Social Distancing, Mood Changes, and Quality of Life
International Journal of Mental Health and Addiction, 11 May 2021
This study examines associations among demographic variables (gender, age, marital and working statuses, and having a family member or a friend infected with COVID-19), acceptance of social distancing, mood changes, and quality of life (QoL) in Qatar.

COVID-19 and the Doha Declaration Global Programme
UNODC, 13 May 2021
This article examines UNODC’s steps to improve life for communities while maintaining its focus on promoting the rule of law through the Doha Declaration Global Programme’s four components.

Impact of Vaccination and Undetected Cases on the COVID-19 Pandemic Dynamics in Qatar in 2021
Institute of Hydromechanics, National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, 1 June 2021
This paper assesses the use of the generalized SIR-model in simulating the patterns of COVID-19 infections in Qatar. 

Impact of Vaccination and Undetected Cases on the COVID-19 Pandemic Dynamics in Qatar in 2021
Semina Exact and Technological Sciences, 9 June 2021
This study uses the information about the accumulated number of cases from COVID-19 Data Repository by the Center for Systems Science and Engineering (CSSE) at Johns Hopkins University (JHU). It examines the recent epidemic dynamics in Qatar and makes predictions about future infection trends.

Mathematical modeling of the SARS-CoV-2 epidemic in Qatar and its impact on the national response to COVID-19
Journal of Global Health, 13 July 2021
This study seeks to guide the Qatari national response to the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) epidemic. It investigates the epidemic’s time-course, forecasts health care needs, predicts the impact of social and physical distancing restrictions, and presents recommendations on the easing of restrictions.

COVID-19 Infection Across Workplace Settings in Qatar: a Comparison of COVID-19 positivity Rates of Screened Workers from March 1st until July 31st, 2020
Journal of Occupational Medicine and Toxicology, 17 June 2021
This study assesses the risk of exposure for COVID-19 across various workplace settings and demographics in the State of Qatar. A cross-sectional study was conducted utilizing surveillance data of all workplaces with 10 or more laboratory-confirmed cases of COVID-19.

Qatar Economy Emerges from COVID-19 in a Position of Strength
PWC, 25 July 2021
This article examines the resilience of Qatar’s economy during COVID-19 and evaluates the economic transformation drivers supporting Qatar Vision 2030.

Qatar Healthcare Workers’ COVID-19 Vaccine Hesitancy and Attitudes: A National Cross-Sectional Survey
Frontiers Public Health, 25 August 2021
This study evaluates the vaccine hesitancy rate and its sociodemographic and attitudinal factors among healthcare workers in the state of Qatar. It is based on a national cross-sectional survey using a validated hesitancy measurement tool between October 15 and November 15, 2020.


Saudi Arabia

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Saudi Arabia and Covid-19
COVID-19 and Governance, Date Unspecified 2021
This chapter examines the political, economic, and religious context of the Covid-19 pandemic in Saudi Arabia.

COVID-19 in Saudi Arabia: the National Health Response
World Health Organization, Date Unspecified 2021
This paper examines and evaluates the Saudi Arabian strategic preparedness and response plan to COVID-19 through 31 December 2020.

The Impact of COVID-19 on Saudi Youth
Kearney, 3 January 2021
This report analyzes the impact of COVID-19 on the social opportunities, education, social cohesion and health and well-being of Saudi Youth.

COVID-19 Deaths Cases Impact on Oil Prices: Probable Scenarios on Saudi Arabia Economy
Frontiers Public Health, 4 February 2021
Focusing on Saudi Arabia, this paper examines how the number of COVID-19 fatalities can exacerbate investor fears, uncertainties, and increase the volatility of crude oil prices in financial markets.

The Psychological Impact of COVID-19 Pandemic on the Students of Saudi Arabia
The Open Public Health Journal, 15 February 2021
This study assesses the degree of the psychological impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on students in Saudi Arabia. The survey sample was based on non-probability sampling.  It seeks to uncover the impact of the pandemic on students.

The impact of COVID-19 Pandemic on the Economic Performance of Saudi Arabia
Economic Research Forum, March 2021
This paper examines the real economic effects of the COVID-19 pandemic on the Saudi Arabian economy and the effects of the local public health actions, such as social distancing, on the economic severity of the pandemic.

Effects of Home Quarantine during COVID-19 Lockdown on Physical Activity and Dietary Habits of Adults in Saudi Arabia
Scientific Reports, 15 March 2020
The study examines the effects of COVID-19 home quarantine on lifestyle and health behavior of Saudi residents. An online survey in Saudi Arabia was launched from May 11 to June 6, 2020. The survey, shared through the Google platform in Arabic and English languages, concerned responses “before” and “during” COVID-19 home quarantine.

The COVID‐19 Outbreak in Saudi Arabia and the Impact on Patient Safety Incident Reports: An Empirical Study among the Medical Facilities of Qassim Health Cluster
Journal of Health Care Risk Management, 17 April 2021
This study provides empirical evidence on how the COVID‐19 outbreak impacted patient safety incident reports (PSIRs) among the Qassim Health Cluster (QHC) in SA. This retrospective study assesses a total of 23,481 inpatient PSIRs from 22 medical facilities. It compares data on PSIRs between a COVID‐19 period (March–July 2020) and a pre‐COVID‐19 period (March–July 2019).

The battle Against the COVID-19 Pandemic- a Perspective from Saudi Arabia
One Health, June 2021
This review examines the effectiveness of the Saudi government’s measures to control the COVID-19 outbreak.

Evaluation of Side Effects Associated with COVID-19 Vaccines in Saudi Arabia
Vaccines, 18 June 2021
This paper evaluates short-term post-vaccination side effects.  It reports a cross-sectional, retrospective study using an online questionnaire distributed among a sample of COVID-19 vaccine recipients in Saudi Arabia.

COVID-19 and Tourism sector: A Perspective of Saudi Arabia
International Journal of Advanced and Applied Sciences, 20 June 2021
This paper examines the relationship between COVID-19
and tourism in Saudi Arabia from 2nd March 2020 through 15th Nov 2020.

Saudi Arabia’s Economic Forecast amid Covid Pandemic
Economist Intelligence, 25 June 2021
This article reports on the impact of COVID-19 on the economy of Saudi Arabia.

Saudi Supreme Court Clarifies COVID-19 Effects on Contractual Arrangements
White & Case, 6 July 2021
This article reports the Saudi Supreme Court ruling that the pandemic is to be considered “force majeure” or an “emergency situation” should the performance of the contract become entirely impossible due to COVID-19.

The Impact of COVID-19 Lockdown on Injuries in Saudi Arabia: Results From a Level-I Trauma Center
Frontiers Public Health, 13 July 2021
This retrospective study presents data on injured patients seeking emergency care during the lockdown period (March 25–June 21, 2020) compared with trends in two previous years: 2018 and 2019. The collected data included patients’ demographics, injury types, mechanisms, and health outcomes.

The Impact of COVID-19 Quarantine on Dietary Habits and Physical Activity in Saudi Arabia: a Cross-Sectional Study
BMC Public Health, 30 July 2021
This study examines whether dietary and physical activity behaviors of Saudi Arabia’s adult population changed during the COVID-19 quarantine.

The Influence of COVID-19 Information Sources on the Attitudes and Practices Toward COVID-19 Among the General Public of Saudi Arabia: Cross-sectional Online Survey Study
JMIR Public Health Surveill, 30 July 2021
This study examines the impact of the types of COVID-19 information sources on the attitudes and practices of the general public in Saudi Arabia during the pandemic. It also identifies the socioeconomic and demographic factors associated with the use of different sources of information.

Saudi Arabia Big Data and Artificial Intelligence Market – Growth, Trends, COVID-19 Impact, and Forecasts (2021-2026)
Mordor Intelligence LLP, August 2021
This article reports on market trends in Saudi Arabia, COVID-19 impact, the country’s competitive landscape and economic forecasts.

Effect of COVID-19 on Education in Saudi Arabia and E-Learning Strategies
Arab World English Journal, 18 August 2020
This paper examines the adverse effects of COVID-19 on the learning environment in the kingdom of Saudi Arabia.

Impact of COVID-19 on Poverty in Saudi Arabia
Borgen Project, 23 August 2021
This article reports on the impact of COVID-19 on poverty in Saudi Arabia.

The Impact of Crisis and Disasters Risk Management in COVID-19 Times: Insights and Lessons Learned from Saudi Arabia
Ethics, Medicine and Public Health, September 2021
This paper investigates the role of the Saudi disaster risk reduction system (DRRS) in fighting the COVID-19 outbreak and providing safe refuges for the country’s residents. It uses a qualitative case study methodology to document and analyze the crisis and disasters risk management framework within the hazard management process. 

The Economic and Psychological Impacts of COVID-19 Pandemic on Indian Migrant Workers in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
Healthcare, 3 September 2021
Based on a sample survey of 180 migrant workers, this study uses descriptive statistics, chi-square test, dependent sample t-test, and Pearson’s correlation coefficient to analyze the survey data and assess the economic and psychological impacts of COVID-19 on migrant workers in Saudi Arabia.

Measuring the Impact of Suspending Umrah, a Global Mass Gathering in Saudi Arabia on the COVID-19 Pandemic
Computational and Mathematical Organization Theory, 6 September 2020
This paper examines the effects of global mass gatherings such as Hajj and Umrah on the progression of the COVID-19 pandemic locally and globally.

Effect of Easing Lockdown and Restriction Measures on COVID-19 Epidemic Projection: A Case Study of Saudi Arabia
Journal Pone, 9 September 2021
This study compares two predictions of COVID-19 cases in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia (KSA) using pre–and post–relaxation of lockdown period data to provide an insight regarding prudent exit strategies. It uses projections from the different scenarios to evaluate the economic costs versus health benefit of lockdown measures.

Psychological Impact of the COVID-19 Pandemic on Medical and Rehabilitation Sciences University Students in Saudi Arabia
Work, 19 October 2021
This paper investigates the psychological effects of the COVID-19 pandemic on medical and rehabilitation sciences university students, examines the factors affecting them, and provides recommendations for better mental health care.

Saudi Non-oil Exports Before and After COVID-19: Historical Impacts of Determinants and Scenario Analysis
The King Abdullah Petroleum Studies and Research Center, May 2021
This study investigates Saudi non-oil exports using a novel modeling framework. It first estimates the non-oil export equation, factoring in the historical impacts of theoretically articulated demand- and
supply-side determinants on non-oil exports. And it incorporates the estimated equation into the KAPSARC Global Energy Macroeconometric Model (KGEMM). 


Somalia

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Excess Mortality During the COVID-19 Pandemic: a Geospatial and Statistical Analysis in Mogadishu, Somalia
MedRxiv, Date Unspecified 2021
This paper uses remote sensing and geospatial analysis to quantify the number of burials from January 2017 to September 2020 in Mogadishu. It also presents a qualitative survey of key informants to determine the drivers of COVID-19 excess mortality.

Impact of COVID-19 on Livestock Exports from Somalia and the Horn of Africa
Practical Action Publishing, Date Unspecified 2021
This paper provides recommendations for better strategic planning, humanitarian aid, and resilience building for the livestock value chain in Somalia and the Horn of Africa.

Coronavirus and Fragility: The Impact of COVID-19 on Somalia’s Private Sector
World Bank Blogs, 13 January 2021
This article examines the impact of COVID-19 on Somalia’s private sector.

Gender Equality, Peace and Security in a COVID-19 World
SaferWorld, 29 January 2021
This paper reports on how COVID-19 is interacting with conflict dynamics in several countries.  It assess the virus’s disproportionate impact on people and communities in fragile and conflict-affected environments, highlighting how individuals with intersecting identities (including gender, race, ethnicity, disability, class, age and social-economic status) can be especially vulnerable.

A Literature Review: The Impact of COVID-19 Pandemic on Somaliland Economy
Open Journal of Social Sciences, 7 February 2021
This paper examines the impact of the outbreak of COVID-19 pandemic on the Somaliland economy and analyzes the need for mitigation measures for the pandemic. 

Zoonotic Diseases and the COVID-19 Pandemic: Economic Impacts on Somaliland’s Livestock Exports to Saudi Arabia
Global Food Security, March 2021
This study examines the economic losses associated the current partial livestock ban (started in November 2016) on Somali imports, and the added impacts associated with COVID.

Somalia: COVID-19 Impact Update No. 16 (February 2021)
OCHA, 5 March 2021
This report on the Country Preparedness & Response Plan (CPRP) for COVID-19 in Somalia is produced monthly by OCHA and the Integrated Office, in collaboration with partners. It contains updates on the response to the humanitarian and socio-economic impact of COVID-19 between March and December 2020.

Somalia COVID19 Social Economic Impact Assessment 2021
UNDP, 31 March 2021
This report examines more than 20 assessments across different areas in the country to provide a comprehensive picture of how the first wave of COVID19 affected Somalia.

Rapid Assessment of the Impact of COVID-19 on Labour Markets in Ethiopia: A Case Study of the Somali and Tigray Regions
ILO, 9 April 2021
This paper assesses the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on displacement-affected labor markets in targeted PROSPECTS intervention areas in the Somali and Tigray regional states. It presents evidence on current local socio-economic environments to inform the design of relevant and context-specific measures.

Somalia Faces Triple Threat of COVID-19, Locust Infestations, Drought
CARE Organization, 29 April 2021
This article reports on the triple shocks experienced by Somalia: COVID-19, locust infestations and drought.

Who’s Afraid of COVID-19? Somalia’s Battle with The Virus
The New Humanitarian, 5 May 2021
This article evaluates Somalia’s battle with COVID-19 given its weak healthcare system.

Informing Hard-to-Reach Immigrant Groups about COVID-19—Reaching the Somali Population in Oslo
Journal of Refugee Studies, 8 May 2021
This article provides a case study of an information campaign directed at people of Somali descent living in the worst hit district of Oslo, the capital of Norway.

COVID-19 Vaccine Acceptability and Adherence to Preventive Measures in Somalia: Results of an Online Survey
Vaccines, 21 May 2021
This paper examines adherence to COVID-19 preventive measures in Somalia, and COVID-19 vaccine acceptability and reasons for vaccine hesitancy.

The COVID-19 Socio-Economic Impact Assessment 2021 – Somaliland
UNFPA, June 2021
The COVID-19 Socio-Economic Assessment report is an effort to understand and document the socio-economic effects and impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on urban households in Somaliland. The report shows that the pandemic negatively affected the population’s economic, health and education sectors.

Lockdowns, Lives and Livelihoods: The Impact of COVID-19 and Public Health Responses to Conflict Affected populations – a Remote Qualitative Study in Baidoa and Mogadishu, Somalia
Conflict and Health, 12 June 2021
This is a remote qualitative study, using Katikati, a 1-to-1 conversation management and analysis platform using short message service (SMS) developed by Lark Systems with Africa’s Voices Foundation (AVF), for semi-structured interviews, often lasting over three months, with participants in Mogadishu and Baidoa.

Unwavered by COVID-19, Somali Diaspora Maintain Remittance Flows
IOM, 14 June 2021
This article reports on the financial support provided by the Somali diaspora, especially in times of COVID-19.

The Impact of COVID-19 on Refugees and Migrants in Somaliland
Mixed Migration Centre, 16 June 2021
This paper presents collected systematic data directly from refugees and migrants at various entry and transit locations in Somaliland. It examines the dynamics affecting movement and protection risks within the context of the pandemic.

COVID-19 Vaccine Rollout in Somalia: Experiences and Challenges in Fragile Context
Africa Portal, 25 June 2021
This study on the status of COVID-19 vaccine rollout in Somalia assesses the existing opportunities and challenges to the COVID-19 mass vaccination and proposes policy options and recommendations to address the rollout gaps.

In Somalia, Should COVID Vaccination or Food Security Come First?
Think Global Health, 30 June 2021
This article reports on the impact of COVID-19 on existing problems in Somalia, including food security and health problems.

Somalia: Wholly Inadequate Covid-19 Response Highlights Need to Use Debt Relief to Invest in Healthcare
Amnesty, 17 August 2021
This article examines COVID-19’s impact on Somalia’s healthcare system and the government’s repones.

The Impact of the COVID-19 Pandemic on Pregnancy, Birth and Sexual & Reproductive Health and Rights: Perspectives from Germany and Somalia
Journal of Global Health, 4 September 2021
As it highlights the importance of preserving SRHR during the pandemic response and recovery periods, this commentary adds to emerging evidence and can serve as a guide to policymakers and donors. 

Data Innovation in Response to COVID-19 in Somalia: Application of a Syndromic Case Definition and Rapid Mortality Assessment Method
Global Health Action, 15 September 2021
This article examines the impact of COVID-19 on beneficiaries of a long-term cash transfer program in Somalia and assesses the utility of a syndromic score case definition and a rapid mortality surveillance tool.

COVID-19 Has Exposed Somalia’s Dire Healthcare System
One Campaign, 27 September 2021
This article examines the exacerbated effects of COVID-19 on Somalia’s healthcare system.


Sudan

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Sudan — COVID-19 Socio-Economic Impact on Migrant, IDP and Returnee Communities Pilot Study
IOM, 1 January 2021
This report serves examines, at the locality-level, the socio-economic impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on mobile populations through six main pillars, namely, (1) protecting health services and systems during the crisis (2) social protection and access to basic services (3) economic response and recovery (4) macroeconomic response and multilateral collaboration (5) social cohesion and community resilience and (6) mobility.

Sudan: the Socio-Economic Impact of COVID-19
The Republic of Sudan, 28 January 2021
This paper reports on the socio-economic impact of COVID-19 in Sudan.

Impact of COVID-19 on Doctors and Healthcare Providers During the Pandemic in Sudan
Oxford University Press, 6 February 2021
This paper reports on the current situation in Sudan, the challenges faced by medical staff, and the psychological impact on doctors.

Africa in the News: Sudan, COVID-19 Vaccine, and Political Updates
Brookings Institute, 27 February 2021
This article reports on the impact of COVID-19 in Sudan and the challenges of financing the vaccination campaign.

COVID-19 Response 2020 UNICEF Sudan
UNICEF, 15 February 2020
This report highlights the COVID-19 impact in Sudan in 2020.

The Silent Psychological Impact of the COVID-19 Pandemic in Sudan
Ethics, Medicine and Public Health, March 2021
This paper examines the impact of COVID-19 in Sudan, highlighting the challenges and offering recommendations. 

Child Undernutrition in Sudan: The Social and Economic Impact and Future Perspectives
American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene, March 2021
This study assesses the impact of malnutrition on health, education, and productivity in Sudan.

Re-opening Sudan: The Balance Between Maintaining Daily Living and Avoiding the Next Peak of COVID-19
Curr Trop Med Rep, 29 March 2021
This review describes the intersectionality of healthcare and economy, and potential solutions to prevent the next peak of COVID-19 in Sudan.

COVID-19 in Conflict Border Regions: a Case of South Kordofan, Sudan
Conflict and Health, 4 May 2021
This article examines the current state of COVID-19 in South Kordofan amidst the second wave of infections to address the dearth of COVID-19 information in rural and conflict-affected regions.

Effects of COVID-19 on Sudanese Enterprises
The World Bank, 11 May 2021
The objective of the Sudan High Frequency Survey on COVID-19 is to quickly collect enterprise-level information, using phones, to monitor the crisis and assess the dynamics of the impacts of COVID-19 on MSMEs in Sudan. 

The Impact of COVID-19 on Sudanese Households Reveals Growing Hardship, Social Despair
The World bank, 12 May 2021
This paper assesses the impact of COVID-19 on Sudanese households.  The World Bank and the Central Bureau of Statistics jointly collected data through a first-of-its-kind mobile phone survey.

Socioeconomic Impact of COVID-19 on Sudanese Households
The World Bank, 12 May 2021
The objective of the Sudan High Frequency Survey on COVID-19 is to quickly collect household (and firm-level) information, using phones, to monitor the crisis and assess the dynamics of the impacts of COVID-19 on households (and micro, small and medium enterprises [MSMEs]) in Sudan. The survey can inform dialogue and mitigation measures. 

The Accelerating COVID-19 Epidemic in Sudan
Nature Immunology, 25 May 2021
This paper discusses Sudan’s many challenges in coping with the COVID-19 pandemic.

Impact of Policy and Funding Decisions on COVID-19 Surveillance Operations and Case Reports — South Sudan, April 2020–February 2021
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 4 June 2021
This paper examines how policy, funding, and strategy changes in South Sudan influenced the number of SARS CoV-2 tests performed and the selection of the  populations for testing.

Public Willingness to Adhere to COVID-19 Precautionary Measures in Sudan: an Application of the Health Belief Model
Pan African Medical Journal, 17 June 2021
This paper presents a cross sectional, online-based survey to identify possible factors influencing public willingness to adhere to precautionary measures and preventive guidelines against COVID-19 during the lockdown periods in Sudan. 

The Impact of COVID-19 on Poverty in South Sudan
The Borgen Project, 11 July 2021
This article reports on the impact of COVID-19 on poverty in South Sudan.

DTM Sudan – Socioeconomic Impact Assessment of COVID-19 on Migrants in Eastern Sudan
IOM, 31 July 2021
This study focuses on international migrants (mainly from Ethiopia and Eritrea) living in Kassala and Gedaref states in Sudan. It disaggregates the impact of the pandemic across three categories of migrants: long-term migrants in Sudan; migrants in transit who seek to settle in a third country other than Sudan; and seasonal migrant workers whose stay in Sudan is temporary and who move between Sudan and their country of origin regularly. 


Syria

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The Multidimensional Burden of COVID-19 on Syrian Refugees in Lebanon
Journal of Global Health, 16 January 2021
This study assesses the burden of COVID-19 by examining the living conditions of Syrian refugees in Lebanon, evaluating available services, and identifying the economic and health challenges.

Syria: Covid-19 Vaccine Access Should Be Expanded, Fair
Human Rights Watch, 2 February 2021
This article reports on the importance of equitable distribution of Covid-19 vaccines across Syria.

A Cross-Sectional Survey of Knowledge, Attitude and Practice (KAP) towards COVID-19 Pandemic Among the Syrian Residents
BMC Public Health, 5 February 2021
This paper uses a cross-sectional, web-based survey conducted  on the Syrian residents aged 16 years and above during the COVID-19 outbreak.  The questions home in on the respondents’ knowledge, attitudes and practices (KAP) with respect to COVID-19.

Adaptation of a Community Health Volunteer Strategy for the Management of Hypertension and Diabetes and Detection of COVID-19 Disease: a Progamme for Syrian refugees in northern Jordan
The Lancet, March 2021
This paper examines how an existing community health volunteer (CHV) strategy was modified during the COVID-19 pandemic to support non-communicable disease care for Syrian refugees (living in northern Jordan) with hypertension and diabetes.

Syria Conflict 10 years on: 90 per Cent of Children Need Support as Violence, Economic Crisis and COVID-19 Pandemic Push Families to the Brink
UNICEF, 10 March 2021
This article reports on the Syrian conflict and COVID-19 pandemic.

Syria
International Rescue Committee, 12 March 2021
This report assesses humanitarian risks, key facts and the COVID-19 impact in Syria.

A Decade on, Syrian Refugees Mired in ‘Silent War’ for Survival
UNHCR, 12 March 2021
This article reports on the impact of COVID-19 on Syrian refugees.

Syrian Arab Republic: COVID-19 Response 2020 Fact Sheet
UNHCR, 29 March 2021
This press release provides commentary on COVID-19 in Syria in 2020.

Syria Crisis
IOM, 30 March 2021
This report examines the COVID-19 situation in Syria, the coordination of effort to manage it, food security and health conditions.

Psychological Effects on Healthcare Workers in Syria During COVID-19
Research Square, 19 April 2021
This research assesses the psychological effects of the pandemic on healthcare providers in Syria and compares them with the situation of Syrian healthcare workers outside the country.

Leveraging Community Mortality Indicators to Infer COVID-19 Mortality and Transmission Dynamics in Damascus, Syria
Nature communications, 22 April 2021
Using all-cause mortality data, this study presents a mathematical model of COVID-19 transmission to explain reported mortality, estimating that 1.25% of COVID-19 deaths (sensitivity range 1.00% – 3.00%) have been reported as of 2 September 2020.

Women Leaders in Syria in the COVID-19 Response and Beyond
University of Nottingham, 29 April 2021
This commentary examines the impact of COVID-19 on women and discusses ways it can advance the role of women as leaders in healthcare in conflict-affected settings.

Impact of COVID-19 on Syrian Refugee Crisis
Youth Forum, 7 May 2021
This paper reports on the impact of COVID-19 on the Syrian refugee crisis.

The Impact of Armed Conflict on the Epidemiological Situation of COVID-19 in Libya, Syria and Yemen
Frontiers Public Health, 11 June 2021
This study examines the impact of the armed conflicts on the epidemiology of the novel coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2) within war-torn countries. It also offers strategies to combat the spread of the pandemic and mitigate its consequences.

The Impact of COVID-19 on Poverty in Syria
The Borgen Project, 10 July 2021
This article reports on the poverty crisis in Syria in light of the decreased foreign aid, and it discusses future plans for mitigation.

Exploring the Mental, Social, and Lifestyle Effects of a Positive COVID-19 Infection on Syrian Refugees in Jordan: A Qualitative Study
Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health, 2 October 2022
This study examines the physical, mental, and psychosocial impacts of a positive COVID-19 diagnosis on Syrian refugees living in Jordan. Employing a qualitative approach, the study is based on twenty phone interviews with ten adult Syrian refugees living in a camp and ten refugees living in non-camp (host community) settings in Jordan.


Tunisia

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Portrait of Resilience among Tunisians Locked Down in Times of COVID-19.
Traumatology, 14 January 2021
This study examines Tunisians’ psychological resilience level during lockdown period and its relation to factors such as age, gender, marital and family status, as well as the number of confirmed infections in the region of residence. 

Characteristics and Prognostic Factors of COVID-19 Among Infected Cases: A Nationwide Tunisian Analysis
BMC Infectious Diseases, 3 February 2021
This study examines the recovery time among a Tunisian cohort of COVID-19 confirmed patients and identifies the prognostic factors. A retrospective, nationwide study was conducted from March 2 to May 8, 2020, recruiting all patients who were diagnosed with COVID-19, by RT-PCR methods.

Impact of Contact Tracing, Respect of Isolation, and Lockdown in Reducing the Number of Cases Infected with COVID-19. Case study: Tunisia’s response from March 22 to May 4, 2020
International Journal of Infectious Diseases, 9 February 2021
This study examines the effects of different interventions on the evolution of cases and compares these with the Tunisian experience. A stochastic transmission model was used to quantify the reduction in the number of COVID-19 cases as a result of contact tracing, compliance with isolation, and a general lockdown.

The Tunisian Debt Crisis in the Context of the COVID-19 Pandemic
Friedrich-Ebert-Stiftung, 15 February 2021
By analyzing the latest IMF assessment on Tunisia, this paper examines the current debt situation in the country, suggests reforms that may become part of the IMF program, and proposes future reforms.

Tunisia: 2021 Article IV Consultation—Press Release; Staff Report; and Statement by the Executive Director for Tunisia
IMF, 26 February 2021
This paper reports on the proactive policy actions and lockdown measures in Tunisia connected to COVID-19.

Tunisia COVID-19 Response
United States Agency for International Development, 21 March 2021
This report elaborates on the USAID assistance, health system response, community measures, awareness-raising and overall COVID-19 response in Tunisia.

Psychological Distress Among a Tunisian Community Sample During the COVID-19 Pandemic: Correlations with Religious Coping
Journal of Religion and Health, 27 March 2021
This paper assesses the psychological distress in the general population of Tunisia during the COVID-19 pandemic and examines the contribution of religious coping (RC) in the reports of anxiety and depression at the time of the survey. 

Living Standards of Tunisian Households in the Midst of the COVID-19 Pandemic
Policy Research Working Paper, 28 March 2021
Using five rounds of high-frequency telephone surveys collected by the Tunisian National Institute of Statistics, in collaboration with the World Bank, this paper examines the deterioration in households’ welfare due to the COVID-19, focusing on changes in the labor market.

The Causal Relationship Between Corruption and Irresponsible Behavior in the Time of COVID-19: Evidence from Tunisia
African Development Review, 31 March 2021
This paper examines the causal relationship between irresponsible behavior and corruption in Tunisia in the time of COVID-19. An empirical study involving the use of real data from the National Anticorruption Authority was conducted.

The Impact of COVID-19 on Refugee and Migrant Women in Tunisia
Mixed migration Centre, 19 April 2021
A 2020 report by UN Women suggests that the health and socio-economic effects of the COVID-19 pandemic have exacerbated women migrants’ existing vulnerabilities, which, according to a 2019 report by the Tunisian Forum for Economic and Social Rights (FTDES) include discrimination, exploitation, abuse and other forms of gender-based violence. 

Covid-19 in Tunisia: Putting a Drained Public Healthcare System to a Rough Test
Assafir Al-Arabi, 10 May 2021
This report examines the impact of COVID-19 on the public healthcare system in Tunisia.

Tunisia Lockdown Ends, Despite Africa’s Worst Covid Death Rate
The Guardian, 19 May 2021
This article reports Tunisia’s COVID-19 response.

Immediate Psychological Responses, Stress Factors, and Coping Behaviors in Military Health-Care Professionals During the COVID-19 Pandemic in Tunisia
Frontiers in Psychiatry, 20 May 2021
This study assesses the psychological responses of HCWs during the epidemic, identifies the stressors and proposes ways to cope.

Understaffed Tunisian Hospital Battles Coronavirus Spike
AP News, 30 June 2021
This article examines the challenges faced by understaffed Tunisian hospitals as Coronavirus infections spiked.

Rapid Labour Force Survey on the Impact of COVID-19 in Tunisia: Second Wave
ILO, 1 July 2021
This report provides a summary of the key findings of the second wave of rapid labor force surveys conducted by ILO and ERF between January 18th, 2021, and 19th of February 2021, to monitor the impact of COVID-19 on households, household enterprises and farmers in Tunisia.

Tunisian Authorities Must Accelerate Fair Access to Vaccines, as Covid-19 Cases Soar
Amnesty International, 15 July 2021
This article reports that as Covid-19 infections in the country rapidly escalate amid a fourth wave, public hospitals are already exceeding their maximum capacity, with intensive care units more than 90% full.

Tunisia’s COVID-19 Crisis is Not of its Own Making
Al Jazeera, 10 August 2021
This opinion piece reports on the incompetence of local authorities and the West’s failures that left Tunisia unable to stem the spread of the virus. 

Coronavirus: 13 European Countries Provide Urgent Assistance to Tunisia
European Commission, 16 August 2021
This article provides information on the European Union’s assistance to Tunisia to cope with the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic and the deteriorating health situation in the country.

Delta Variant Deepens Crisis for Tunisia’s Fragile Democracy
Financial Times, 21 July 2021
This article reports on the impact of COVID-19 on Tunisia’s democracy. 


Yemen

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Impact of COVID-19 on the Yemeni economy: How the Drop in Remittances Affected Economic Sectors, Food Systems, and Households
International Food Policy Research Institute, 5 February 2021
This paper presents a Social Accounting Matrix (SAM) multiplier model of Yemen’s economy that was used to estimate the impact of decreasing remittances on economic sectors and employment, food systems, and household incomes.

A dynamic Optimal Control Model for COVID-19 and Cholera Co-Infection in Yemen
Advances in Difference Equations, 15 February 2021
This work proposes a new dynamic mathematical model framework governed by a system of differential equations that integrates both COVID-19 and cholera outbreaks.

Assessing The Socio-Economic Impact of COVID-19 on Migrants and Displaced Populations in the MENA Region
IOM, 15 February 2021
This report examines the implications of the pandemic on six key pillars, namely (1) Health services and systems during the crisis; (2) Access to social protection and basic services; (3) Economic response and recovery; (4) Macroeconomic response and multilateral collaboration; (5) Social Cohesion and community resilience; and (6) Mobility.

Yemen: COVID-19 Preparedness and Response Monthly Report (January 2021)
OCHA, 25 February 2021
This paper reports on the Yemen’s COVID-19 response, testing capacity and healthcare facilities.

Yemen Can’t Wait: More Than 16 Million People Will Go Hungry This Year
UNSDG, 1 March 2021
This article reports on how Yemenis are living through the world’s largest humanitarian crisis, a disaster compounded by the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic and a severe economic crisis.

Excess Mortality During the COVID-19 Pandemic: A Geospatial and Statistical Analysis in Aden Governorate, Yemen
BMJ Global Health, 23 March 2021
This paper estimates excess mortality during the epidemic period. It quantifies activity across all identifiable cemeteries within Aden governorate (population approximately 1 million) by analyzing very high-resolution satellite imagery and compares estimates to Civil Registry office records.

Maintaining Essential Nutrition Services to Under-five Children in Yemen: A Programmatic Adaptation Amidst the COVID-19 Pandemic
Children, 28 April 2021
In line with Pillar 9 of the WHO’s COVID-19 Strategic Preparedness and Response Plan, this paper reports on the nutrition program adaptations in Yemen to maintain the delivery of essential nutrition services to under-five children.

COVID-19: Is Herd Immunity the Only Option for Fragile Yemen?
International Journal of Infectious Diseases, May 2021
This paper reports on the impact of COVID-19 on Yemen’s fragile healthcare facilities, displacement, infections and mortality rate.

Yemen Crisis: The Devastating Impact of Six Years of War
Al Jazeera, 25 March 2021
This article reports on the impact of war and destruction on Yemen during COVID-19.

Yemen: Houthis Risk Civilians’ Health in Covid-19
Human Rights Watch, 1 June 2021
This article reports on disinformation, access to testing and vaccines for Yemeni civilians during COVID-19.

Impact of COVID-19 on English Language Teaching in Yemen: Challenges and Opportunities
Social Science Research Network Working Paper, 7 June 2021
This study examines the effect of COVID-19 on English language teaching as well as the steps undertaken by the Ministry of Higher Education in Yemen to cope with the challenges imposed by the spread of the pandemic.

A Strategy for SARS-CoV-2 Vaccination in Yemen
The Lancet, 12 June 2021
This paper reports on COVID-19 vaccination strategies in Yemen.

Internal Displacements Impacts on Health in Yemen
Internal Displacement Monitoring Centre, 16 June 2021
This collaborative paper by IDMC and guest authors from Boston University, UNICEF and the University of Aden examines the health risks facing internally displaced people due to Yemen’s longstanding humanitarian crisis.

The Right to Mental Health in Yemen
Health and Human Rights, June 2021
In light of the global pandemic, the paper examines COVID-19’s impact on Yemen, highlighting its degrading effects on the country’s health care system and people’s mental health. It also underscores the importance of addressing mental health as part of the peace process.

“A Saga of Vulnerability” -The Impact of COVID-19 on Yeminis Women
Journal of Gynecology and Women’s Health, July 2021
Focusing on Yemen, this paper uses a gender lens to examine the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on women in the country across four cross-cutting domains: decision-making agency, livelihood, health and gender-based violence.

The Long‐Term Effect of COVID‐19 on Disabled People in Low‐ and Middle‐Income Countries: the Situation in Yemen
Developmental Medicine & Child Neurology, 4 July 2021
This paper discusses the implications of COVID-19 on disabled people in Yemen.

Mental Health Impacts of Humanitarian Crisis on Healthcare Workers in Yemen
Medicine, Conflict and Survival, 5 July 2021
This commentary examines the mental health impacts of humanitarian crises on health care workers.

The Impact of the COVID-19 Pandemic on Yemeni Women
Sanaa Center, 20 July 2021
This paper examines the impact of COVID-19 on women in Yemen.

Conflict and COVID-19 in Yemen: Beyond the Humanitarian Crisis
Globalization and Health, 22 July 2021
This paper reports on the humanitarian crisis and COVID-19 situation in Yemen and the key measures needed to support the efforts against the epidemic.